Wondering how you can mix background vocals that sound like the pros?
Keep watching to find out.
Hey, this is Jason Moss from BehindTheSpeakers.com, and today you're gonna learn three simple
tips for mixing background vocals that sound clear, balanced, and radio-ready.
Now, before we dive in, I also put together a free vocal mixing cheatsheet that's packed
with tips and tricks for taking your vocals to the next level.
So if you wanna download this, it's completely free.
You can click the link in the description below or up there in the video to get instant
access right now.
My first tip is to process background vocals independently.
Now, most of the time when we're talking about background vocals, we're not just talking
about one track.
We're talking about eight tracks or 16 tracks, where there are multiple versions of the same
part, or there are multiple parts that make up a background vocal arrangement.
Now, a lot of the time, people will group all of these tracks together and they'll process
them on the group.
Now the problem with this approach is, let's take compression, for example.
If you put a compressor on a group of background vocals, the compressor can't control the level
of individual background vocal tracks within that group.
All it can do is turn down the level of the entire background vocal stack.
And so what ends up happening is, while you might control the level of the background
vocals as a whole, you're not evening out the differences in dynamics and volume between
those individual background vocals.
So instead of processing things on the group or on the bus, it's usually a better approach
to apply processing to each individual track in your background vocal group.
So usually that's gonna give you better results.
You can apply some processing on the group of vocals, maybe some subtle EQ or even some
compression.
But for the most part, I try to do most of the heavy lifting on the individual background
vocal tracks within that group.
The second tip is you wanna tighten up the timing.
Now, timing between background vocals is incredibly important.
And whenever you get one performance that's been recorded multiple times, it's very natural
to have subtle variations in those performances.
So, in one performance, the vocalist might have sang a note a little bit later than another
performance, so you have all these subtle different variations, right?
But over the course of a group of background vocals, it just creates this kind of messy,
sloppy sound where things are kind of starting and ending in different places, and it just
sounds kind of amateur.
So what I like to do is go through the individual tracks and actually tighten up the timing
and make sure that everything's kinda consistent.
Things are starting and ending in the same spot.
There's no kind of weird performance where something just kinda pops out and it comes
way earlier than the rest of them.
And I usually like to use the lead vocal as the guide.
If you match the timing of the background vocals to the lead vocal, that's always gonna
lead you in the right direction.
Now, there's a tool called Vocalign that you can download.
It's a plugin that will allow you to basically do this automatically.
It's not always 100% effective, but this is a great tool when you have tons of background
vocals if you just wanna line things up really quickly.
But I wanna jump into my DAW and show you basically how I approach this manually.
So if you don't have this plugin, don't worry.
I'm gonna show you right now how I do this and clean up the timing on the background
vocals in my mixes.
Okay, so I have a track here called "It Starts Today" by artist Leah Capelle.
I wanna take a listen to the lead vocal and the chorus, along with the background vocals
in solo.
So something just to note here, Leah is an amazing singer and her background vocals always
come in perfect.
I never have to do anything to them.
So I actually had to move things around a little bit just to create this demo.
So don't be deceived—Leah's an amazing singer.
♪Oh I won't tell you to put your hands up ♪
♪ 'Cause we all know we're gonna get stuck on the wire ♪
♪ Our feet to the fire ♪
♪ So tell 'em right now we're gonna be free ♪
So the timing isn't terrible by any means, but I feel like things can be a little bit
tighter.
The background vocals don't quite mesh with the lead vocal.
And when you have tracks like these where there are a lot of words going by very quickly,
it's pretty common to have this, where the timing is just a little bit off.
So if we scroll down here, you can see there are four background vocal tracks.
So what I'm gonna do is drag this first background vocal track up so it's right below the lead
vocal track.
I'm gonna zoom in a little bit and just make this a little bit bigger.
And using the lead vocal as a guide, I'm basically gonna adjust the timing of the background
vocal tracks so that it matches the lead vocal a little bit more closely.
Now, depending on what you're working in, what DAW you're working in, there are different
ways to do this.
In Pro Tools, there's something called elastic audio, and the way that you turn it on is
over here.
So I'm just gonna set this to monophonic, 'cause there's only one note at once in this
vocal track.
And then I'm gonna change the view mode on this track to warp.
Now, if you're in another DAW, obviously these steps are gonna be different, but you wanna
just look in your manual for elastic audio, flex time, or something like that that allows
you to adjust the timing of individual tracks.
So I'm gonna zoom in here, and now you can see we have these warp points.
And I can go through and basically adjust the timing of this background vocal track
to match the lead vocal a little bit more closely.
So I'm gonna just do this visually.
I'm not really listening to things right now.
I'll probably listen to it later and make sure that things are lining up and that there's
no kind of weird glitches or anything like that.
Now after I'm done with this background vocal track, I'll go through the rest of the background
vocals and do the same thing.
If you take the time to do this, I know it's kind of a pain and, you know, it's not the
most fun part of the music-making process, but this is the stuff that really is gonna
make a difference when it comes to the sound of background vocals.
And it's just gonna make things sound a lot tighter, cleaner, and a lot more radio-ready.
It's just gonna sound like the stuff you hear on the radio.
The third tip is to remove the breaths on the background vocals.
Now, this might sound a little bit weird; I know a lot of people like to leave the breaths
in.
But I've found that the breaths can often be sources of inconsistencies between the
tracks and the background vocal group.
So often times, one track, the vocalist will have taken a breath in earlier, and in another
one it's kind of late.
And so you get this kind of mish-mosh of different breaths that occur at different times.
And the trick here is you can often get rid of the background vocal breaths completely
and you're not gonna miss them.
Now, I always leave breaths in on the lead vocal, and I'll automate them if they're too
loud so they don't get distracting.
But because you have those breaths on the lead, you can often get away with just taking
them completely out of the picture on the background vocals and you don't miss them.
Because really, they're only a secondary element in the mix.
So by getting rid of those breaths, it's just gonna contribute to a cleaner, tighter background
vocal sound.
You're not gonna have breaths that are all over the place, that are pulling you away
from whatever the primary focus of the track is.
I hope you enjoyed these three tips for mixing background vocals.
And if you want to dive deeper, I put together a free vocal mixing cheatsheet that's packed
with tips and tricks that I didn't have time to cover here.
So if you wanna download this, you can click the link in the description below or in the
video and you'll get free instant access.
Thanks so much for watching.
And if you want more mixing tips like these, you can check out my website, BehindTheSpeakers.com.
Take care.
For more infomation >> 3 Simple Tips For Mixing Background Vocals Like A Pro - BehindTheSpeakers.com - Duration: 7:38.-------------------------------------------
Newt Gingrich Makes Shocking Reveal, He Said 3 Simple Words That Will End Trump-Russia Investigation - Duration: 3:01.
The Silence Is Broken! Newt Gingrich Makes Shocking Reveal, He Just Said 3 Simple Words
That Will End Trump-Russia Investigation For Good
Newt Gingrich has one justifiable reason motivation behind why you shouldn�t put stock in the
free Russia investigation. Keep in mind a couple of things � the investigation�s
head, Robert Mueller, should be non-partisan. What�s more, in fact, when he was first
contracted, everybody applauded him for being quite recently that.
So it�s a little odd that his activities are currently indicating support to Democrats.
Which might be the reason Gingrich is stating that his investigation is rigged.
Via MSN:
Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, a key ally to President Trump, [said this morning]
that the ongoing investigation into the Russian interdling of the election, led by Special
Adviser Robert Mueller, is a �rigged game� for its lack of pro-Trump attorneys On the
case.
While Gingrich said he would not recommend that Mr. Trump should fire Mueller, he questioned
the investigation�s impartiality since Mueller has so far hired four Democratic attorneys.�He
apparently could not find a single pro-Trump attorney to hire, and I just think that�s
a rigged game, and I think it�s a mistake to pretend this is going to be some neutral
investigation,� Gingrich said.
Gingrich is right. Mueller has the ability to enlist his own investigative group. Furthermore,
the main individuals he�s employing all originate from the Democrats. Newt knows a
rodent when he notices one.
The most exceedingly awful piece of everything is that it�s a change of heart � Gingrich
at first had a favorable opinion of Mueller. As did most men and ladies in Congress.It�s
simply subsequent to watching Mueller�s activities that he is starting to have questions.
Asked if he thought the attorneys were �anti-Trump�, Gingrich responded, �Well all four gave
money to the Democrats,� and later laughed off a suggestion that they were the best attorneys
Mueller could find.
�You�re suggesting that in the whole country there are no republican attorneys that Mueller
could have hired,� he added, �I do not give the benefit of the doubt to someone who
could only hire Democrats but claims we should trust him . �
Libs in Congress have your run of the mill reaction � �Gingrich is just trying to
sow distrust in the investigation, blah, blah, blah.� But Gingrich has a straightforward
approach to gauge transparency, and he explained it:
�Let�s just have transparency. Could we have as many pro-Trump lawyers as we have
anti-Trump lawyers? �Something discloses to me that Mueller wouldn�t accept Gingrich�s
recommendation.
What do you think about this? Do not hesitate and write your thoughts in the comment section
below.
-------------------------------------------
Husqvarna 701 Vitpilen & Svartpilen concept | VITPILEN 701- Simple. Progressive. | Mich Motorcycle - Duration: 1:26.
For more infomation >> Husqvarna 701 Vitpilen & Svartpilen concept | VITPILEN 701- Simple. Progressive. | Mich Motorcycle - Duration: 1:26. -------------------------------------------
Make grunge simples com glitter | Simple glittery grunge makeup - Duration: 6:45.
Concealer by Vult color R-102
Face powder by Marchetti color Natural 01
Face powder by Mary Kay color Beige 2
Eyebrow pen by Vult color 02
Black eyeliner pencil
Black eyeshadow by Bless Cosmetics
Highlighter pencil by Vult
HD foundation by Vult color B-05
Translucent powder by Mary Kay
Face powder by Mary Kay color Beige 2
Eyeshadow primer (by O Boticário) + Glitter 01 by Vult
Clean brush
Blush by Mary Kay color Shy Blush
Homemade highlighter (link in the description)
Eyelash mascara by Natura
Matte liquid lipstick By Dailus - color Jetés
And u're done! :)
Thank u so much for watching
Don't forget to subscribe!
Luv y'all! Bye :3
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Simple Winter / Christmas Nail Art | Streitthema: KVO - Infobox | Carat Nails - Duration: 23:31.
For more infomation >> Simple Winter / Christmas Nail Art | Streitthema: KVO - Infobox | Carat Nails - Duration: 23:31. -------------------------------------------
One balloon Christmas tree model tutorial - so simple! - Duration: 4:06.
For more infomation >> One balloon Christmas tree model tutorial - so simple! - Duration: 4:06. -------------------------------------------
new Arabic mehndi design | easy latest simple mehndi design | step by step | design4hobby - Duration: 13:53.
please subscribe to my channel & like my videos, if you like my designs
please subscribe to my channel
please subscribe to my channe & like my videos, if you like my designs
-------------------------------------------
Simple Decorating A Christmas Tree! - Duration: 4:53.
hey guys welcome back to my channel and if you're new then welcome actually I'm
I wanna apologize to people who requested Christmas Station ID by abs-cbn now
young Christmas just love song pretty long title but I've tried to actually
react and I did it and it was really good in my opinion but I wouldn't even
publish it like I tried to publish that video and YouTube just say that it's
blocked worldwide the reason is it has copyright claims so I can't really
publish the video so I'm very sorry if I fix that I would definitely publish it I'm
about to actually decorate Christmas tree gonna be there instead of
those chairs it's gonna be there I'm very happy actually I'm very excited for this
Christmas vlog so yeah let's just start a good day first of all I'm
gonna go to the doctor okay this is not a huge Christmas tree so I tried to grab
it and then it fell down
look at this look at this it's so beautiful it's not like a huge one but
it's so beautiful I like small and simple trees like this
aww so cute this is like a new Christmas tree hey it has like a cute
snowflakes on it I don't know it looks so cute
I mean it's not really good I didn't know there's something wrong in it
but I'm trying to surprise my family when they come back there to find this
Christmas tree and it's gonna be so festive I'm sorry mommy this is not
really good I know that you will fix it and you will see this video as well
here here here what like it looks really cute beautiful there right big this one
so I'm gonna add it to the tree okay I know this is really bad I know this
sucks but it's Christmas guys I don't know to me it looks cute well I know
it's not
some fresh mints in my tea because it tastes even better
Oh Cheers
tastes awesome make it festive
it's starting to look better look at this baby oh yeah
so at the end guys I discovered that we don't have all the things that deep to
dilute it to decorate all the over so I just say they're not decorating the
Christmas tree and I think it looks really good and doesn't have so many
colors it has won the silver golden red I think that duis colors are really good
in my opinion because I like these colors or the treatment under green so
yeah I'm gonna show you my Christmas tree
so yeah that's it for today don't forget to stay tuned because I have a Korean
box full of noodles arriving in my mail soon and I'm gonna
eat that and yeah do kind of like a Muckbang thing so yeah stay tuned for my
channel I hope you guys enjoyed this video and if you did don't forget to
click on the subscribe button like share don't forget the bell bottom mixes the
subscribe button and yeah I'm speaking fire someone right so yeah
seeing this time bye-bye
-------------------------------------------
My 7 years old brother does voiceover - Simple/Casual makeup look // maddieisnothere - Duration: 5:05.
For more infomation >> My 7 years old brother does voiceover - Simple/Casual makeup look // maddieisnothere - Duration: 5:05. -------------------------------------------
How to Draw a Simple 3D Effect: Woman With Umbrella - Duration: 4:12.
Hello my friends and welcome to another Tuesday of tutorial!
I am Leonardo Pereznieto and today we will do a simple drawing
of a woman with an umbrella, in 3D.
We begin by sketching the head with the hair, then the shoulders
and we come down through the body… and the legs.
We do the arms, her dress and an umbrella.
I want to do a 3D effect in a very simple way.
Let´s see how it turns out!
We shape the legs a little bit better
and she will be standing in water.
She will be coming out of this water,
but the liquid will be only in a small space.
Similar to a photograph
which will be bending up on the sides, just a little.
I will actually correct this to bend it a little bit more.
Like so.
Good!
And now we can start shading.
I´m using a Tutto3 mechanical pencil, which has leads in three
different sizes and three different hardnesses.
The list of materials is in the description below the video.
Here the trick to make this drawing look tridimensional,
is that we are using two different perspectives.
One is the one of the photograph which is like laying down on a surface.
Now, imagine that that piece of paper that I drew at the bottom was a photo,
and that this photo have printed on it the image of the girl with
the umbrella.
It will be in the same perspective as the piece of paper laying down
which is totally different than how we are looking at this girl.
That is, standing up and we are looking at her practically straight
from behind.
As you see, these are two totally different perspectives, and that
is why it looks like she is coming out of the photo.
At least that´s the idea [laughter].
Let´s shade her legs, and… she is wearing a dark coat,
as you see.
Which I make it a little darker, especially I´ll give it some shape
and some volume by adding some shadows.
I am experimenting on how to do simple but effective
3D effects.
Next week I will try another technique
which I just thought of, and which I will test for the first time.
I actually have a whole video playlist, that is a series of videos,
with 3D and special effect experiments
which I will place at the end of this video, in case you are
interested you can just click on it.
And now let´s draw the shade to the paper.
Like so.
The corners will be lifting a little bit.
Although the paper is bending up, the shadow I draw it flat
so as to create the illusion that is lifting.
Ok, that looks better!
And I clean up the drawing a little bit.
As you have probably noticed, I have been using a kneaded
eraser.
Which is my favorite because it is very clean
and you can shape it exactly as you need it.
Very good!
¡Excelente!
It´s ready!
If you enjoyed it please give it a LIKE! share it
to your friends and subscribe to Fine Art-Tips.
And I will see you on Tuesday ;)
Subtitled by Grethel Trejo
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Simple Sambar Recipe | Easy Sambar | How to Make Sambar | South Indian Sambar Recipe | Sambar recipe - Duration: 1:23.
Add your choice of veggies
Toor dal can be cooked separately as well
-------------------------------------------
PHOTO – Lily-Rose Depp vêtue d'un simple mini.. - Duration: 2:11.
For more infomation >> PHOTO – Lily-Rose Depp vêtue d'un simple mini.. - Duration: 2:11. -------------------------------------------
Une astuce simple pour détoxifier votre corps et perdre du poids chaque jour - Duration: 3:11.
For more infomation >> Une astuce simple pour détoxifier votre corps et perdre du poids chaque jour - Duration: 3:11. -------------------------------------------
Simple Influences for Team Morale - Your Practice Ain't Perfect - Joe Mull - Duration: 4:24.
Morale is one of those things that many leaders
feel called to influence yet few know exactly
how to affect.
Morale is the confidence and enthusiasm of a group, the mental and emotional condition
of your team.
In a phrase, it's the collective psychological well-being of those you supervise.
And it's important.
Really, really important.
That's why, in this episode of Your Practice Ain't Perfect, I'm sharing Simple Influences
for Team Morale.
Don't go anywhere…
Morale is a by-product of many, many factors: organizational culture, institutional support,
the belief that my work matters, my relationships with my teammates and my bosses, the list
is long and complicated.
There's no one tweak that can improve morale over the long-haul.
That said, there are some things leaders can do, day in and day out, to turn the dial on
morale in workplaces.
I want to share 5 that I've found to be most impactful.
First, Make employees laugh.
Have you ever noticed that the majority of
videos that go viral on Facebook
or YouTube are clips that make us laugh?
Laughter is food for our souls.
It's restorative.
Leaders who find the fun at work and can laugh with, not at, their teams, make a deposit
into the piggy bank of morale every single day.
So tell bad jokes, and play games, and do whatever it takes to produce smiles and laughter
at work.
Second, Tell stories of difference making.
Connect the dots between the mundane tasks
and responsibilities of someone's job and
how that makes a difference to others.
Be hyper-specific and do it often because difference making is the most powerful drug
in the workplace.
It inoculates us against the demands of our work while boosting our resilience in the
face of stress and change.
Make sure your employees know they matter and know WHY they matter.
Third, Be positive.
You know, there's an old saying that
"If you think you can or you think you can't,
either way, you'll be right."
Whether you think the workday is a brutal slog or stimulating and compelling, you'll
be right.
When what you say, how you carry yourself, and the energy you put into the workplace
is constantly positive, it impacts morale.
Employees are drawn to leaders who see the glass as half full.
So be positive, and share that positivity out loud when you can.
Fourth, Solicit ideas, opinions, and challenges.
Most leaders are really good at telling.
At sharing info.
At directing, updating, informing, you get the idea.
But many forget how important it is to mine employees for their ideas, their opinions,
and to draw out and understand their challenges.
Ask employees, every chance you get, for their ideas, opinions, and challenges because it
gives them a voice in their workplace, and that influence is a fundamental component
of keeping morale high.
Finally, Remove toxic personnel.
If morale is low on your team,
ask yourself this question.
Is there one person on the team whose removal would instantly transform the atmosphere of
the workplace?
If so, you may have a toxic disrupter on your team.
These are often actively disengaged employees who create and thrive on drama.
Sometimes the biggest fix for morale is removing those who are doing harm, or as I'm fond
of saying in my keynotes and workshops, pulling the weeds.
Now it's your turn.
What have been your most effective methods for influencing team morale?
Tell me in the comments box below and please, if you found this video helpful, share it
on your Facebook or LinkedIn page.
Thanks for watching, I'll see you next time.
-------------------------------------------
Une astuce simple pour déshydrater les fruits à la maison - Duration: 4:14.
For more infomation >> Une astuce simple pour déshydrater les fruits à la maison - Duration: 4:14. -------------------------------------------
Une astuce simple pour détoxifier votre corps et perdre du poids chaque jour - Duration: 2:41.
For more infomation >> Une astuce simple pour détoxifier votre corps et perdre du poids chaque jour - Duration: 2:41. -------------------------------------------
06 Beginner's Guide to Python - Simple Functions - Duration: 13:55.
In this video I'm going to show you how to use functions in Python. Okay so let's
load up our atom editor with our project that we had from our last lesson. We're
going to create a new file here and let's call it functions.py okay so this
is our new blank functions file now a function in Python is just a way of
defining a block of code that you can repeat elsewhere in the... in your source
code. The difference between a function and a while loop or something like that
is that a function you can pass in various variables to customize the
variables in the code that you execute so I'm going to demonstrate how
you do this and then you'll understand how it works and how they can be useful in
your code. Ok so let's pretend we're writing a piece of code for a store and
let's stick with the same theme that we've had in the previous two videos
we're going to be selling apples in our store and let's say we want to write a
simple script that greets the customer when they come in so we want to greet
them by their name and we want to tell them how many apples we have in stock. Ok
so let's start by just writing these lines out individually so let's print
"Hello, Mark" and under that print "We have 6 apples in stock". Ok so I'm gonna save
that file and let's copy and paste these two lines and paste them two more so we
have this 3 kind of blocks a code here and let's change the name so let's
say we have Brooke and then we have Greg coming to the store. Alright so save the
file and then load up the terminal or command prompt window and let's run our
function script by typing python functions.py. Okay so you can see that
it outputs on the screen the name of each person and how many apples we
have in stock. Alright so you can see that this code is a bit repetitive we've
repeated the same thing three times we literally had to copy and paste and all
we've done is changed the text in here and there's a lot of repeating text that
we've entered more times than we need to. So for example "hello" here this is the
same for all of them. And "we have" and "apples in stock"... well this actual string
is the same for all of them but let's pretend that this may change so we're
basically...You can see that it's repeating the code here. We're also repeating the print
functions and there's a lot of repetitiveness going on. Good source code
has limited repetitiveness. There's a concept called DRY which is do not
repeat yourself and that means don't repeat unnecessary blocks of code in
your application because then if we ever wanted to change this text we would have
to change it in all of these three places as opposed to just changing it in
one. So I'm going to show you how you can use functions to reduce code
duplication. Alright so before we actually reduce the code duplication I'm
just going to show you how to make a simple function in Python. Alright so the
way you define a function in Python is you use the DEF - it's short for define and
then the name of the function that you want to define. So let's create a
function called greet mark so I'm going to define def and I'm going to create a
function called greet_mark and each function that you define needs to
end in two brackets I'll explain why a bit later in this video. Alright so you
write def, the name of the function, open and close brackets and then a colon. If you
hit enter after the codon you can see that Atom automatically indents this
here because as with the while loops that we learnt in the previous lesson
the function code is grouped by the indentation so any code we want to
include in this function needs to be indented by one tab underneath this
function. Okay so that's our first function let's create one for each of
these blocks so I'm gonna copy and paste this here, copy and paste this here
then I change this to Brooke and I'm going to change this to Greg and then I'm
gonna indent these two here, save that. The best practice is to use two spaces in
between these functions when you're doing it in a single Python file like
this. So now we've defined our function if we go to our command
prompt and we run the code you actually see that it doesn't output anything now
and that's because defining the function just isn't enough you actually need to
call the function after you defined it. So underneath these functions we're
going to call the function so make sure that we're indented back to the base
level of the file and the way you call the function is you simply provide the
function name and the brackets without the def because
we've already defined it. We just want to call it now so if I write greet
mark and then again I'm gonna copy and paste that I'm gonna put greet Brooke
greet Greg and then save the file and if you load up command prompt push up and
do Python functions you can see their outputs exactly the same as before
and it may seem backwards because we've actually created more lines of code
instead of reducing the lines of code which was the goal but I'm
just demonstrating how you define functions now I'm going to demonstrate
how you can use functions to save...reduce...or sorry to reduce the lines of code in
the application. Okay so one of the things that you can do with functions is
you can pass in arguments to the function, so you can define various
arguments that you can provide when you call the function and then the function
can use those arguments in the source code. Alright so if we delete these two
here because they're pretty much the same, and we can also delete the calls to
them here as well and let's rename our function instead of greet mark which is
very specific and doesn't help with... it doesn't help with reducing duplication
let's just call the function greet customer. And then in between the
brackets here we're going to define a variable and we're going to call or it's
actually an argument, we're gonna define an argument for our function and we're
going to call the argument name. Okay so if we call the argument name and then we
hit save and now when we call our function....actually before we do that
we're going to change this print here and instead of printing mark which we've
hard-coded here we're going to update this to include our variable. So print
hello and we'll leave the string there before the end of the print the last
bracket in the print use the plus symbol and this will concatenate our name
variable with this string. So what this is now doing is its greeting a customer
and it's allowing us to provide the name of the customer and it will include that
name in the code that it prints out. Okay so below this let's write again
greet_customer and then we need to provide the name of the customer we want
to greet. So you define the variables when you call the function, you define the
variables in the same order that you put them in the greet customer arguments and
since we only have one we can just type it here. We'll just put the
name mark and then we'll copy and paste this and we'll call it Brooke...and we'll call
it Greg. Save that. Now load up the command prompt
and let's run our file again and now you can see it outputs the same again except
this time we have a lot a lot less lines of code than we had before.
Okay so let's say we wanted to update this function and we want to actually be
able to change the number of apples that we have in stock because if Mark comes
into the store then after he's left the store there may be less apples in there
when Brooke comes in. Okay so you can actually define multiple arguments for a
function here and you do that just by comma separating the list of argument
names in the function argument bracket. So let's just call a new argument called
num_apples just short for number of apples and then similar to what we did
here where we added the value of this to our string I'm going to delete this and
then add the quotes here so we now have two strings and do +. And we actually need to
convert this number type into a string so that we can add it to our
string because you can't just add numbers into strings using the plus
symbols so we'll just type STR and then num_apples
so what this STR does is it converts this whatever variable this is into the
string type so it basically converts our number into a string so instead of it
being the number six it will just be a string saying six. Okay so now we need to
add this argument to the call when we call our function so let's add... let's
start with seven and then let's say there's six
and then let's say when Greg comes in there's two left. Save that and then go
back to our command prompt, hit up and run. Now you can see that it actually
changes the number of apples that outputs based on the arguments that we provide.
Okay so there's one more thing I'm going to show you about these function
arguments and that's that you can actually set a default for the function
arguments. Okay so a default means you can provide a default value for this so
you don't even need to provide it here. So let's just say there's a default of
seven apples, we always start with seven. The first time you call it you can
actually remove that and you can run it again and you see it still says seven we
changed the default to ten. Save that and run it. Now you can see it says ten. Now
the only thing to remember about setting defaults is you can only set defaults on
the last or multiple last items in a function argument list. So another way of
putting it is you cannot have a non default function after you...or sorry a
none default argument after you defined an argument with a default. So we wouldn't
be able to provide name equals mark as a default and then put a non default
argument here. If you try that it will give you an error telling you a
non-default argument follows a default argument. So basically once you've
defined your first default argument you need to either move it to the end of the
list like this...
oops copy that you even need to move it to
the end of the list or you need to set a default for the items in front and then
you would need to reorder when you call the function reorder the...you would
need to put the number of apples first in this case because we've changed it
around. Okay so let's just move that back just so we have a finished working
version. And yeah you can set a default for any type of argument as long as
you don't put any non default ones
after the default. Okay so that's how you create functions in Python. Thank you so
much for watching. If you have any questions at all please leave them in
the comments below and I'll try and answer them or someone else might answer them
for you. So thank you very much for watching and I'll see you in the next
video.
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