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Lewis and Clark County officials encourage public to register for RAVE Alert - Duration: 1:05.

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Market Failures Externalities and Public Goods - Duration: 15:59.

>> Hello and welcome this is Scott.

And this week, basically our last week, we are going to be talking

about externalities in market failures.

So so far, in this course, we've talked about how wonderful things are now

that things magically work out but there are some situations

where we don't get the socially optimal outcome and we want to talk about what those are

because they may help us inform what our vision and what our role for government should be.

So we need talk about what externalities are, how they cause market failures.

We need to talk about the difference between societal and private social costs and benefits.

We want to talk about what public goods are and asymmetric information.

Asymmetric information has two main categories [inaudible] hazard and adverse selection.

And we'll do some examples so you can visually see what this looks

like and why it's a market failure.

So first, we need to talk about what a market failure is.

A market failure is just simply when the market, operating by itself,

does not produce the optimal amount of output.

And by optimal, what we're talking about is where total surplus for society is maximized.

So we want to try and get to that optimal point but for some reason we're not getting there.

Well why aren't we getting there?

Well we want to talk about [inaudible] called externalities.

First, when I think about making a decision,

I'm trying to decide how much will this decision benefit me and how much does it cost me?

Should I make that decision or not.

But sometimes my decision has impacts on the people around me.

So for example, if I choose to have the flu shot, I'm making that decision on the cost

of a flu shot versus the benefit or expected benefit of getting the flu shot.

However, the more people [inaudible] flu shots, the less likely the flu is

to transmit and that's better for you.

So by me having the flu shot then helps you out.

But I'm not considering your benefit as I make my decision, that's an externality.

An externality is any time there is some benefit or cost to someone outside

of the person who's buying or selling or where that transaction is happening.

So externalities can be positive or negative.

The case that I just talked about, a flu shot,

the more people who have the flu shot the better society's off, that's a positive externality

and there are all sorts of examples of positive externalities.

There's education or pretty gardens or public parks, all these things have side effects

that are wonderful but there are also negative side effects.

You know there's pollution is a really big one.

So when we don't factor these in, we're either going to have too much output, which will be bad

or have too little output, which is also bad.

So let's talk about what that looks like.

Okay, up to this point, we have been talking about marginal cost versus marginal benefit.

But now what we're going to do is we're going to throw in this extra letter here,

this marginal private cost and marginal private benefit and in a second we'll talk

about social costs and social benefit.

So private costs and private benefit are just those incurred by the people

who are buying and selling the good or service.

So for the flu shot, I'm making my decision, my decision, based on the private benefit

that I expect to get from the flu shot.

However, as we look from a planning perspective, society is best off

when marginal social cost equals marginal social benefit,

which is the sum of both the people in the transaction and everyone.

So we're starting off, this slide is just talking about looking at the private costs

and benefits and next slide will define social costs and benefits.

So what we're going to do is we are going to add in,

and we're going to have social benefits being equal to private benefits and external benefits.

So with the flu shot this is my benefit of getting a flu shot

and this is your benefit if I get a flu shot.

So from society, we care about both but from a decision maker, I really only focus on mine.

So we're going to talk about societal benefit and societal cost.

Societal cost includes the private cost and the external cost.

Just like we had before, where we had, we want to produce

for marginal benefit equals marginal cost, now what we're looking

for is marginal societal benefit equals marginal societal cost.

That will tell us the optimal output.

So let's give an example of a negative externality and how it looks visually.

So a negative externality is when I make a decision I don't think

about the external costs on other people.

So for example, when I drive to work, I'm thinking about maybe the gas costs,

the insurance costs, my time, but I'm not thinking about the pollution or maybe the noise

that I cause for the people who live around me.

When I go on a plane, I think about how much the plane ticket's going to cost

and how long my flight's going to be and what's the benefit of going somewhere,

but I don't think about the people who live under the flight pattern.

I don't smoke, but people who smoke likely don't think about the people

who are around them who don't smoke.

So we want to think about not just the private costs but also the social cost.

And in all of these, whenever we're talking about a negative externality,

saying that negatively impacts the other people, the social costs have

to be higher than the private costs.

So let's show what that looks like.

So in this example, this is the private costs and now this is the social cost.

The social costs are higher, right, because they include the private cost and the external costs.

When I make my decisions, I'm basing it on the private cost and the private benefits,

so I am consuming, Q1 is the market output and the price is P1.

However, if we've thought about what's best for the society,

it'd be marginal social costs equal marginal social benefit, it'd be E2.

So we are overproducing from Q2 to Q1, we should just be producing Q2 and our costs are too low

because we're not compensating those other people who are hurt.

So that is going to cause this yellow triangle, which is a dead weight loss.

From society's point of view, think about this last, I'm going to change the color,

think about this last Q1 that's consumed.

Here's the social benefit but here's the social cost.

The cost is actually greater than the benefit, so we should not be consuming that.

We should be consuming less.

So this whole triangle here is a dead weight loss.

One way we could get rid of that dead weight loss is if we impose the tax

that caused the price to go up by that difference.

Now of course, I'm going to talk, in a little bit, about well how would you measure that

and how would you know that price level that would exactly offset

to cause a reduction in the socially-optimal output.

So from a theory point of view, it's possible.

From an application point of view, it's really difficult.

Just like there are negative externalities, there are positive externalities.

The example I used in the beginning was flu shots, education having better educated people

or healthier people will have a huge benefit in communication and everything else.

If I plant a garden, I get some benefits from it but so do my neighbors.

So we have positive externalities throughout the economy as well.

When I choose to plant a garden, I'm thinking about my private benefits.

But society also benefits, there's external benefits.

So the demand curve is actually just lower than it should be and because of that,

we are under-producing, so we're producing at E1 when we should be producing at E2.

So at that point, we want to subsidize or produce more, right?

So again, positive externality is a problem

that it's under-produced compared to what we would like.

As I mentioned, there's all sorts of different ways we could correct the externality.

So there's persuasion and say you know, "Don't pollute, it's not good,

it's bad and puts social pressures on."

You could do taxes and subsidies, you could sign property rights and say there's only

so much pollution we'll allow and then if you need to pollute more you have to pay for it,

so that way you're causing a price.

You can have voluntary agreements where people that sign

and have treaties saying how much they're going to do,

regulations, all sorts of different stuff.

The challenge for all this is measuring and figuring out what the optimal amount is.

So specifically, if this is the social output and we put a tax on that brings us

to this level, we are now going to produce only Q3.

But what if the socially optimal amount was Q2?

Now we just did a dead weight loss the other way because we are now under-producing rather

than over-producing, so measuring that becomes a real challenge.

Okay, next we're going to talk about the Coase theorem.

So the Coase theorem was invented by a University

of Chicago Nobel Prize-winning economist, who basically said that, in the case of trivial

or zero transaction costs, the property rights assignments do not matter

to the resource allocated outcome, which basically means that if I am polluting

and I assign the property rights to those people who are impacted,

then I may have to pay them every time I pollute.

Or if I own the property rights for pollution, then the other people

who are negatively impacted by the pollution may pay me to stop driving.

And either way, we could start to figure out what that cost is per transactions.

I'll post a link or you could find many links on YouTube for examples of Coase theorem.

But it's just another way to think about how the solution to externalities can be resolved.

Another challenging segment of market failures is called public goods, so we're going to talk

about public goods and divide them into excludable

and non-excludable and rival versus non-rival.

So first, let's talk about rival and non-rival, right?

So rival is if I eat an apple, by definition you can't eat that apple, okay?

So that's rival.

What one person consumes, other people can't.

Non-rival is if I listen to the radio, you can listen to the radio, too.

My consumption does not diminish your consumption, so that's rival versus non-rival.

Excludable versus non-excludable is I'm only going to let you on that plane if you pay.

If you don't pay, you're not getting to be able to consume it.

Non-excludable is the air or public defense or national defense, right?

So if you don't pay your taxes, well guess what, you are still getting the protection

of the U.S. military because I can't exclude you from that.

So we have to talk about excludable versus non-excludable

and how that impacts something called the free rider problem.

So think of a free rider problem of Minnesota Public Radio

or any public radio, there are lots of examples.

But the idea here is that I am getting some private benefit from this but do I need

to pay for it is the real question.

Well, we know that if no one pays for it, the service isn't provided but it's non-rival right?

So if the rest of the class pays for it, I still get the benefits without having to pay,

so it may make sense for me not to pay for the product.

The problem with that is, of course, if no one pays for it,

the product isn't produced, it's another market failure.

This is called the free rider problem, right?

People who are jumping on the bus for free without paying for it,

if too many people do that, the service doesn't get provided.

This relates to another story called The Tragedy of the Commons, which I'll give you another link

to because there are some fantastic videos out there that animate this very well.

But you can think about farmers or fishermen who are using a common pasture.

So the cows are grazing and eating all the grass.

Now, if I add another cow, I'm going to get the benefit of getting that food.

But if everyone does that, the pasture is going to get overused;

none of us would have an incentive to stop using that common good

because we're getting the benefit without the cost.

But if we all use that common good, we're going to overuse it

and we're going to destroy that pasture.

So maybe what we need to do is assign some property rights to it

so that way there's an incentive for someone to take care of it.

Another example of market failure is where we have asymmetric information.

That's just where one party knows a lot more information than the other party.

So for example, if I'm going to sell my car as a used car, to you as the buyer,

you don't know whether my car is high quality or if it's a lemon.

So you know the average rate of a used car, let's pretend it's $10,000

and there are some cars that are superior to 10,000 and some cars that are all lemons.

Well, everyone whose car is a lemon wants to sell their car for $10,000,

so there's a problem there of how do we know or how can I identify or sell to you a car

and have you know that my car's actually good or bad.

So that's a real problem, it creates a moral hazard in adverse selection,

which I'm going to define on the next slide.

So adverse selection is the idea where you take advantage of information before a transaction.

So for example, you may only buy health insurance

if you need it, if you're not healthy, right?

So if I offer health insurance, everyone who thinks they're going to spend that amount

of money or more, it's advantageous for them to buy the insurance,

so that's going to attract the wrong people.

Whereas, moral hazard is something that, now that you have life insurance,

you may be more risky, you may be less likely to buckle your seat belt or do other things

because you're not as worried about it because if you get into an accident, you have some sort

of coverage or if you get into an accident, you'll only have to pay a deductible

on your car, you won't lose your entire car, so that's moral hazard.

So for most economists, you hear the term free market economists

and a free market economist really wants the market to work whenever it can.

However, what this chapter really shows is that there may be a spot and a role for government.

Well, what's the role for government?

There are times when the free market does not produce the socially optimal output

and as a result what we need to do is have government involvement to help correct that.

Now, how they do it and how they measure it is not an easy task but at least now we have a role

for government as to where they should get involved and where they shouldn't.

So some of the things we saw earlier where governments were getting involved,

like minimum wage and rent controlled prices and price controls, were not the right places

that most economists would say for government to get involved

because that distorts the economy and creates a dead weight loss.

Here, what we're saying is we want the government to be involved

to eliminate dead weight loss to increase total society and that's a totally different outcome.

And if that interests you, there are whole branches of economics

and public policy dedicated to what the role of government should be.

For more infomation >> Market Failures Externalities and Public Goods - Duration: 15:59.

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Toyota halts autonomous car tests on public roads following Uber crash - Duration: 3:43.

Toyota has stopped testing its autonomous-car technology on public roads.

The decision come after an incident on Sunday, March 18 involving a self-driving Uber car

that struck and killed 49-year-old Elaine Herzberg in Tempe, Arizona.

The car had an Uber engineer in the driver's seat but the vehicle was reportedly operating

in autonomous mode when the accident occurred.

It's believed to be the first fatality involving a self-driving car.

The suspension has been ordered to give its own test drivers time to deal with any upset

caused by Sunday's tragedy, Toyota said in a statement seen by Bloomberg.

"Our thoughts are first and foremost with the victim's family," the message said,

adding, "Because we feel the incident may have an emotional effect on our test drivers,

we have decided to temporarily pause our Chauffeur mode testing on public roads."

Chauffeur mode refers to a system for Toyota's self-driving vehicle that allows it to drive

without any human input.

The company has been testing its self-driving technology on public roads in Michigan and

California.

The announcement follows news last that week that Uber is in talks with Toyota to sell

the Japanese automaker its self-driving technology for possible use in one of Toyota's minivans.

Last week a representative for Toyota told Reuters that the two companies "regularly

exchange information about automated driving," but added that no further decisions had been

made outside of the current partnership.

It's not clear if or how Sunday's accident will affect any potential deal.

Like many other automakers, Toyota is investing heavily in the development of self-driving

vehicles.

Just a few weeks ago it revealed plans for Toyota Research Institute-Advanced Development,

or TRI-AD, a $2.8-billion company aimed at advancing the development of self-driving

technology alongside the existing Toyota Research Institute based in Silicon Valley, California.

Volvo, whose Uber-owned XC90-based prototype collided with Ms. Herzberg on Sunday and which

last year inked a deal with Uber to sell the ridesharing company 24,000 XC90 SUVs, has

yet to make any comment on the recent incident or about its relationship with Uber.

Automakers, together with other firms such as Alphabet-owned Waymo, Lyft, and of course

Uber, have been ramping up efforts to advance their respective autonomous-car efforts over

the last year or so, with many testing their vehicles on both public and private roads.

Regulations mean that for the majority of the tests on public roads, an engineer is

behind the wheel, though this clearly made no difference on Sunday.

Another accident involving one of Uber's self-driving cars, again in Tempe, prompted

the company to suspend testing on public roads for a brief period in March, 2017.

But Sunday's fatality presents a far more serious setback and has forced the industry

to carefully examine the way it's handling its self-driving efforts, with state regulators

also taking another look at the rules that they've been laying down for such projects.

For more infomation >> Toyota halts autonomous car tests on public roads following Uber crash - Duration: 3:43.

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Teaching Teens the Value of Public Service | AARP - Duration: 2:52.

[Music]

I believe in giving back to the community.

I believe in different cultures

and different generations

coming together working side by side.

[AARP] [Dr. Mike Weaver]

[WECCAAN]

[2017 WINNER OF THE ANDRUS AWARD

FOR INTERGENERATIONAL EXCELLENCE]

My name is Mike Weaver

and I'm the lead volunteer for WECCAAN.

WECCAAN is an intergenerational,

intercultural activity, where we go

and work in local communities.

I do it because I know there's a need for it,

young people need it, older adults need it

to interact with young people,

the community needs it,

needs the hands-on volunteer work.

[Music]

We travel to different cities around the US

and we learn about the city while also giving back.

We're at Andrew & Walter Young Family YMCA

right here in Atlanta.

James is here, giving us a great tutorial on aquaponics.

[Music]

Okay, welcome to our Aquaponic Greenhouse.

Come in.

Today is going to be both educational

as well as rolling up our sleeves.

I love Dr. Mike.

I love his spirit, I love

what he does in the community.

I'm just so grateful

when Dr. Mike comes with different groups,

to just see the community

engaged in what we're trying to do here.

He is a valuable resource in the community.

So, we've got a slim blade for somebody who wants to do

a round on outside of the greenhouse.

I know we want to pull up some weeds,

so if somebody wants to tackle that.

[Music]

Just volunteering man, helping out the community.

This is right in my backyard.

And whenever Dr. Mike calls, I come, you know.

You always think you're giving someone else

your time or your resources, but really,

it's something that's being given to you.

It's a balm to the soul to be able to give

and to be able to help out.

This is what we do.

So far, we've had 423 volunteers

and we've given 2080 hours to local community.

This past summer, I went to Miami

with WECCAAN and Dr. Mike.

We volunteered at a farm,

that was made for special needs children.

My role was planting and chopping the beet juice.

When we take the teenagers to the different cities,

we make sure they're visiting college campuses

as a part of it, because who's to say

what these teenagers would become one day,

possibly returning to those very institutions.

If there's one thing that I would want

all the volunteers to learn and the young people

in particular, it would be to work,

also to know how to work with one another

and to trust their gut.

Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays once said,

'It is better to aim high and miss

than to aim low and achieve.'

And, that's what I strive for.

[Music]

For more infomation >> Teaching Teens the Value of Public Service | AARP - Duration: 2:52.

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Jordan Peterson: The Left's new public enemy No. 1 - Duration: 4:53.

For more infomation >> Jordan Peterson: The Left's new public enemy No. 1 - Duration: 4:53.

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IPO Secrets Revealed | What IS an Initial Public Offering? - Duration: 6:51.

For more infomation >> IPO Secrets Revealed | What IS an Initial Public Offering? - Duration: 6:51.

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My most important public talk so far || Liverpool John Moores University - Duration: 13:27.

what you about to hear right now is my talk that I gave to students at the

Liverpool John Moores University just a few days ago it was it was talked with

lots of passion and that comes from experience and it comes from a deep care

of how those young people live their life and how you know we as

entrepreneurs sort of have some responsibility to show them the way and

perhaps you know push them in places so this talk was a hundred percent from my

heart it was it was you know few things that I said that make people think and

and few people also they don't acknowledge that by thanking me at the

end of that talk I'm sure you're gonna enjoy this one so there is me talking at

Liverpool John Moores University I wonder why always people go to the

very top and sit in the in the last row there's a lot nicer here I don't know

why anyhow my name is Michael hello and we'll talk for 15 minutes which is ultra

short about what I think and maybe you don't agree with some of it what we'll

see about that this is me in my best picture ever I

don't think that any picture ever taken of me is gonna be as good as this so I'm

going to stick to that wherever you're gonna go on mens finest website or any

of my stuff you're gonna see this picture so this is real this is picture

different okay first of all and yes I don't know about whether whether you can

compete with me and I'll tell you why because and I'm an immigrant I'm polish

and I arrived to UK in 2006 with no language skills I couldn't speak any

English I couldn't do anything but what I had is and I had this desire and

hunger that I want to do something with my life so

from washing pots and been serving and being a waiter to them sort of going to

the University graduating getting a proper job to then starting my own

business and I feel as if I'm just getting started so if you are for

instance sitting here in this lecture of thinking okay I you know you want to

start a business but you don't know what you want to do or you want to and do

something you've life but you know 100% sure what well I mean you've 20 what 21

22 23 and you you just have to start doing something so think about that that there

is a lot more people and there aren't more motivated than you are

and they're going to be ahead of you if you're not going to do anything and I

also think this which is awkward sitting here because if you have got it you've

got it if you haven't got it you haven't got it now there is nothing wrong with

being an entrepreneur in a business in a way that I don't know whether you follow

any of the of the sort of gurus marketing gurus that are popping around

but there's one guy called Gary Vaynerchuk and he says that number two

number five number 16 in Facebook earns a lot more than number one in any other

companies that you can think of meaning you don't have to be number one so don't

have to start your own business maybe you also could be as good as or even

better just being number two or number three and any other businesses and have

you ever started any businesses I mean if you have then this is a time to say

yes I have or I am or I'm thinking about one and what's your business has anyone

got any business ideas or running businesses or a business I can't believe

they're in room with 60 people there is not a single business

come on whose ideas come on ideas come on give me idea okay okay and how is

<Brewing a beer at home or small location>

that going where's that it's just an idea right now or is it okay and you

and you sell it? and it okay have you tried to sell it?

would you be sort of open to go to someone and say I brew this beer it's

local I made it and I'm the best literally and you know do you want to

buy one of me would that make sense to you if you do

<Yes but I am not the best>

that yeah but yeah that's marketing right okay

so um so how many beers are gonna sell next week how many bottle of beers how

many litres of beer do you think you can sell next week okay okay because this is

all about what what Dave was saying before as well it's all about money

right if you cannot make money you haven't got a business you know it's

it's a business I mean being in the business of giving things away it's a

tricky business you know I it's it's very hard to sustain that but if you I

bet if you go and ask your friend and that you just brewed the best beer ever

you know give me a quid for that I would give you one if you bring me right now

beer because I'm thirsty right so you know it's just opportunity of sort of

making sure that you go and speak to someone has someone is there ask them

the question because they most likely going to give you some money you've got

something that I haven't got I'm 35 I'm old I'm finished and so you've got

something that I haven't got which is this Dave were saying about this as well

about assets you know you haven't got money to start a business we've got

something I haven't got and and this is so valuable like if you come to me and

say I would like to do this few for free for money doesn't really matter but that

takes burden from me and puts you know something on your shoulder not on mine I

can focus on some and else like yes because you've got

this and I haven't got that so I need to manage my time very carefully because

you know I'm old Paula that you saw her before she's my assistant and quick

story about Paula she's very shy so I'll keep it brief and I managed to convince

her to quit University and to start working for me and the reason for that

is that and I think I can give her a lot more than university can and there's

nothing wrong with saying that at the university because you need to figure

out what you want to do and I mean look what she does all day she's just walking

around filming stuff and putting stuff on Instagram that's not a job is it

surely well it is actually because I need that because I need that for my

marketing I need that for intsa stories I need that for at for YouTube

channel forever as we do so if you've got that skill well of sudden you're not

working right are you working no no yes that's awkward

again and right so that's Paula's profile so she is all over Instagram and the

reason why I'm showing you this is that the way have found her was through

Instagram so I was searching and looking for an assistant and I come

across her profile through networks of friends and I said this is action nice

profile I like this so if you thinking of of running a business maybe you

should start with business of yourself so she promoted herself first she made

her profile looked so nice and so good that I thought well ok I think I

would like my profit to look like this and that brings me onto this very

important message which is you need to be an expert in something meaning and if

you'd come to me and say I'm doing the best insta stories because that's

Instagram is is hot right now and and I would like to do maybe 10 15 insta

stories for you and you let me know what's happening oh yes yes can you do

that for me and then you know I can pay for that if you good enough and there is

this literally from this morning we were figuring out this

called stories ants or whatever right and this app and I've been searching on

internet very quickly to see who can help me design best insta stories ever

and I couldn't find anyone who would advertise themselves as this story's ads

expert and I thought surely there must be someone younger than me in their

twenties who are on the phone all the time they would like to make some money

they would like to help the business they would like to get an access to me

and and would like to use this to create some stories for me like that it's just

no-brainer and another one another app that we

tested recently for the business was this lumen five or whatever again I was

searching for talent online to say okay who is an expert in lumen five I

couldn't find anyone I'm saying this is just there must be there must be someone

who wants my money like I want to give you my money to create some social media

videos for me so things like that this is the video

that video was created in like 20 minutes by me so I bet you can create

that video in five and how do I because that's let's get practical here because

if you haven't started a business maybe you can be better it's sort of posting

your skills this is site called upwork have you heard of that site have you

ever seen this this is this site where you post a job or post a skill so for

instance this is my three jobs that I'm searching for right now so what was web

researchers I was looking for another one was copywriter and only one was

graphic designer man where's my money I want to give that money to someone who

can who's got that little skills and I cannot find anyone back in if you are

very good at copywriting or you very good at web research you know you're

very good at graphics you're very good at video you're very good at audio

editing you're very good at anything maybe it's worth posting some stuff on

sites like upwork to to get noticed and also to be able to sort of talk to

businesses and help them and we can get those skills any of those skills there's

two places you should go to one is Lynda.com I don't nobody heard if you have

not heard you should leave and the other place is udemy.com there are two

places where you can actually learn skills so for instance if I'm looking

for graphic designer and you're into graphic design you go on udemy you're

good to Lynda and you sort of learn a skill either how to graphic design on

Adobe Illustrator or something like that you paid 12 quid for a course you sit

that course for two weeks it's online you've got a certificate at the end you

come to me and say I'm the best graphic designer in Liverpool I want to design

this for you yeah can I pay you now it's it's so simple it's so simple and there

are so many businesses actually or that need your help how many how many

butchers how many bakeries how many other people other businesses you know

that that are not online that are not present online that I haven't got any

marketing in place that you can help them with the newly acquired skill

if you want so and yeah being expert in something so that's me and so my name is

Michael and my company's called mens finest and we make luxury accessories

for men and also made to measure suits and shirts and things like that

and so yes if you've got any skill and you want to you know join the team be a

freelancer and you know work for free Paula actually started working from the

you know for free because you know I said like we need help we need this we

need that and she said that's fine let's just organize a project

let me just manage that project for you and and yeah and right now she's working

for me so and that's how you get a job good stuff hopefully does it make sense

to you maybe hmm okay I mean how come you not thinking or

you've super shy I don't know but how come you're not thinking about starting

your own business if you're doing this like this is a my mind the wrong room

we took it the wrong way like what's going on like you know what how come

you're not thinking about doing a business you have to start thinking

about this and now because you've got time when you're 35 you have not got time

good stuff thank you

For more infomation >> My most important public talk so far || Liverpool John Moores University - Duration: 13:27.

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Lewis and Clark County asks public to register for mass alert system - Duration: 1:08.

For more infomation >> Lewis and Clark County asks public to register for mass alert system - Duration: 1:08.

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Justice Department Will Offer Grants for Panic Buttons in Public, But Not Private, Schools - Duration: 1:58.

For more infomation >> Justice Department Will Offer Grants for Panic Buttons in Public, But Not Private, Schools - Duration: 1:58.

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Juneau is finalist for Seattle Public Schools Superintendent - Duration: 0:44.

For more infomation >> Juneau is finalist for Seattle Public Schools Superintendent - Duration: 0:44.

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Corps says water seeping through 17th St. Canal; public not at risk - Duration: 1:49.

For more infomation >> Corps says water seeping through 17th St. Canal; public not at risk - Duration: 1:49.

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Justice Department Will Offer Grants for Panic Buttons in Public, But Not Private, Schools - Duration: 1:57.

For more infomation >> Justice Department Will Offer Grants for Panic Buttons in Public, But Not Private, Schools - Duration: 1:57.

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Hard Won Joy: Building Public Works - Duration: 9:25.

Public Works is the Public Theater's attempt to make the boundary between

artist and audience permeable. The idea is to create ambitious works of

participatory theater in collaboration with community partner organizations

from all over the city, meaning that Public Works invites New

York to come on stage and perform at the Delacorte theater.

[Applause]

To me, the perfect Public Works participant is someone who never

imagined themselves on the stage at all. The core idea is to embody the fact that

everybody is an artist. It's part of what makes you a human being, and we need to

change the theater from being a commodity back into a set of

relationships among people which is what it really is.

Hi, I'm Genesis and I'm from the Bronx.

Hi, my name is Shannon and I live in Harlem...And I live in Queens, New York.

My name is Gia, and my home is Brooklyn, New York, and here with you guys.

It was an opportunity for me to do something that I didn't do as a younger

person. I had no idea that I'd be doing this at this age.

Every summer, we host auditions and then rehearsals for a show in the park. But

the summer show is a slice of a very big cake of our programming. It's really, if

anything, the cherry on top. Public Works offers free theater classes

at each of our partner sites that are facilitated by master teaching artists.

These classes are crafted around the goals and the interests of each of our

communities. The groups come from such different places

Brooklyn, the Bronx, Long Island. You have the military involved, you have kids choruses

involved.

We engage with our community 365 days of the year. So that by the time

we're all gathered at the first potluck for the first rehearsal of the summer

show, it's like a family reunion.

We got very excited about the idea of

having the program being much more than any one show because that word

partnership is so, it is the truest description of what it is

that we're looking for. We're looking for an organization that sees within its own

vision for itself, a way that theater arts could complement what they're

already doing. So it's sort of like where can our set of tools and interests meet

yours?

It's an ongoing thing that we have with The Public Theater. Getting people

involved if they have never read Shakespeare, exposing them to Shakespeare.

How great is that?

We'll take my brother in Arden and put him to the sword.

There are people who have been doing the adult Shakespeare

class for four or five years. And guess what, they're deeply trained

Shakespearean actors now. So I think what I've seen is the depth that you get when

you work with a community overtime.

I grew up being part of Public Works.

I started when I was 14. I see myself now as a different person than I was before.

I'm more confident in myself, and I'm more open, and it's allowing me to say

yes and taking different opportunities.

Oh my poor Rosalind, whether wilt thou go? Wilt thou change fathers, I will give thee mine.

I charge thee be not thy more greived

than I am.

I have more cause!

Thou has not, cousin! Know thou...

The Public Works has done a series of Shakespeare plays and one

adaptation of Homer, and those plays all have themes of finding out who you are

by traveling, by understanding yourself as part of a larger community.

We're often interested in either like a hero's journey or this idea of a hard-won joy

and through struggle, and through overcoming obstacles and difficulty, joy

can be found.

I was arrested on some uncurricular

activities. Had I known about this earlier, I don't know where I'll be

right now. It gave me a whole different outlook on

life period, you know?

We really have built what feels like an

amazing family. I'm not originally from New York and don't have family here.

Through Public Works, I have gained nieces, nephews, cousins, brothers, sisters,

and even grandparents. And in the rehearsal room, that's when those

relationships really start being built.

[Rain]

So this year during our first day of tech rehearsal,

we experienced a lot of rain and that was really a first.

That particular moment I have to say, I've been doing this work for a really long

time, close to 20 years, and I felt like the community held me up in that moment.

You know, it's like I have two and a half days of tech and one of them is being

rained out, how are we possibly going to be able to direct the show? So all that

chatter was going on in my head and then I would look up, and the community is in

ponchos dancing full commitment under the rain. To me, it was like they taught me,

they held me.

People often say that, "Oh,

this is so amazing what Public Works does for the community," and I try to

explain to them it's really a reciprocal relationship. We may extend

the invitation, but it's the community that takes it to a whole other level.

When we did the first Public Works performance, the plan we had was that we

would do one of the pageants every two years. About 24 hours after the first

pageant closed, I said we are not waiting two years to do this again. We're doing

it next year. And now what we've started to do is

increase the number of performances, we're increasing the number of

community-based organizations we work with, we are now looking at even greater

expansion. We now have sister theaters in London and Dallas and Seattle and in

Detroit.

When we started in Dallas, our aspiration was can this work, will this

work, is this possible. We quickly discovered, and by quickly I mean 18

months later, yes it's possible and not only is it possible,

it is our mission alive.

There's a really brilliant community program that's been run for

years at the National, but what we've not done, what's new is the idea of putting

it bang in the middle, on the biggest stage that we have, really celebrating

and acknowledging the impact that this work can have on our organization and

most crucially on our broader community.

[Singing]

A beautiful thing about Public Works is

that it takes on the shape of the city that it's happening in. That's how it's

designed and how it should be. What we've seen is that the principles of rigorous

art making and community building, those principles holding hands, that's

something that could work anywhere in the world.

It's the New York you want to be in,

the diversity of the people on stage, the sense of celebration, the

affirmation of life: it's what the theater should be.

It's just an incredible experience

that we could actually come together as a family, you know.

I could never imagine doing this with my parents.

You're around just like a

whole bunch of loving people, doing a show about love, you know. It just feels

good. I don't even know if there is, is there a better word than good? Great.

A better word than great? Amazing, excellent. Yeah she's my thesaurus.

To be on that stage with that source of energy, all the wonderful people around you

and then to feel it come back from all the New Yorkers that are sitting in

those seats, it's like none other theatrical experience I've ever seen

or been apart of.

Every year, I see all of Public Works' performances. Those are the

only nights of my year where I am guaranteed joy, and it's because I'm

watching human spirits soar in collaboration with each other.

I feel like every day I go into the Public Works room and genuinely get my faith

restored in humanity. I feel like that's a phrase that can be said a lot, but

no matter on my worst day, on my most hopeless cynical day, Public Works lifts

me up and reminds me what's good about the world.

Love makes magic real.

[Applause]

For more infomation >> Hard Won Joy: Building Public Works - Duration: 9:25.

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Rep Darrin Camilleri opposes Public School wording on ballots for Millage Dollars - Duration: 2:20.

I rise today in opposition to House bill 5626. This bill would eliminate

transparency for where voters' regional enhancement millage

dollars would go. Instead of listing every school district that would receive

funding the ballot would only be required to say, "public schools." For over

a decade, we have listed all of the schools receiving funding from regional

enhancement millages. And for over a decade there have been ballots that

include a long list of districts -- sometimes over 30 names long in Wayne

County -- that would receive funding. Until 5 weeks ago, no one seemed to be very

concerned about the amount of space that this took up on our ballots. So the

question we're asking today is, "Why now?" The answer goes back to five weeks ago

when something happened that fundamentally changed education funding

in our state. Something that makes this bill about so much more than saving

space. You see, five weeks ago, a law was signed allowing mostly for-profit

charter schools and cyber schools to access these regional enhancement

millage dollars. So why would we now choose to take that information off the

ballot about where those tax dollars are going? The answer is simple: to hide the

fact that they're going to for-profit companies that care more about padding

their pockets than educating our kids. This is not a question of saving space.

This is a question of transparency and frankly, telling the truth. Because as

written, this bill would defraud the people of Michigan by withholding

information about their tax dollars and where they're being used. Taxpayers have

the right to know exactly how their hard-earned money would be spent. They

have the right to know if instead of going to their children's schooling,

their money is going to for-profit charter executives. They have the right

to know that the traditional public schools that their children, families, and

communities depend on will now lose out on millions of dollars every year. This

bill is a legislative cover-up for a law that has angered people across this state.

It is covering up a mistake by lying to the public. It's just spineless and it's

not the way our democracy should operate. The taxpayers of Michigan deserve better.

Our democracy deserves better. And our kids deserve better.

I urge a no vote on House Bill 5626.