Thứ Sáu, 28 tháng 9, 2018

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JUDY WOODRUFF: This has been an extraordinary day before the United States Senate Judiciary

Committee.

High drama and strong emotions played out in a daylong hearing on the sexual assault

allegations against Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh.

Amna Nawaz begins our coverage.

AMNA NAWAZ: On Capitol Hill today, demonstrators were the first to have their say, supporters

of Christine Blasey Ford, the university professor who alleges Brett Kavanaugh sexually assaulted

her in high school.

KIMBERLY FLETCHER, Mom's March for America: We have got you back.

AMNA NAWAZ: And those backing Kavanaugh, who adamantly denies the allegations.

KIMBERLY FLETCHER: We are the silent majority, and we are silent no more.

AMNA NAWAZ: Then, inside this Senate hearing room, Ford's much-awaited testimony began.

CHRISTINE BLASEY FORD, Kavanaugh Accuser: I am here today not because I want to be.

I am terrified.

I am here because I believe it is my civic duty to tell you what happened to me while

Brett Kavanaugh and I were in high school.

AMNA NAWAZ: Ford recounted a summer day in 1982 when she says Kavanaugh, along with his

friend Mark Judge, assaulted her at a party in suburban Maryland.

CHRISTINE BLASEY FORD: Brett groped me and tried to take off my clothes.

He had a hard time, because he was very inebriated and because I was wearing a one-piece bathing

suit underneath my clothing.

I believed he was going to rape me.

I tried to yell for help.

When I did, Brett put his hand over my mouth to stop me from yelling.

This is what terrified me the most and has had the most lasting impact on my life.

It was hard for me to breathe.

And I thought that Brett was accidentally going to kill me.

AMNA NAWAZ: The committee's Republican staff says it has interviewed two unidentified men

who claim they had the encounter with Ford, not Kavanaugh and Judge.

But under questioning by Democrats, Ford said she is -- quote -- "100 percent certain" of

her account.

California Senator and Judiciary Committee Ranking Member Dianne Feinstein:

SEN.

DIANNE FEINSTEIN (D), California: So what you are telling us, is this could not be a

case of mistaken identity?

CHRISTINE BLASEY FORD: Absolutely not.

AMNA NAWAZ: Democrat Patrick Leahy asked Ford about her strongest memory of the incident

36 years later.

CHRISTINE BLASEY FORD: Indelible in the hippocampus is the laughter, the uproarious laughter between

the two, and their having fun at my expense.

AMNA NAWAZ: Democrats also repeatedly voiced moral support for Ford.

SEN.

RICHARD BLUMENTHAL (D), Connecticut: Well, you have given America an amazing teaching

moment.

SEN.

KAMALA HARRIS (D), California: You know you are not on trial.

You are not on trial.

RACHEL MITCHELL, Deputy Attorney, Maricopa County, Arizona: Good morning, Dr. Ford.

CHRISTINE BLASEY FORD: Hi.

RACHEL MITCHELL: We haven't met.

AMNA NAWAZ: Republicans on the committee, all of them men, yielded their time to Rachel

Mitchell, a sex crimes prosecutor from Phoenix, who meticulously walked forward through details

of the incident.

RACHEL MITCHELL: Do you recall, prior to getting there -- so I'm only talking about up to the

gathering -- had you had anything to drink?

CHRISTINE BLASEY FORD: Not at all.

RACHEL MITCHELL: Were you on any sort of medication?

CHRISTINE BLASEY FORD: None.

AMNA NAWAZ: Mitchell also probed Ford's decision to go public with her allegations, including

her decision to take a polygraph test paid for by her lawyers.

RACHEL MITCHELL: Why did you decide to take a polygraph?

CHRISTINE BLASEY FORD: I didn't see any reason not to do it.

AMNA NAWAZ: For the first part of the day, Republicans remained largely silent in the

hearing room, but during breaks weighed in.

SEN.

LINDSEY GRAHAM (R), South Carolina: I feel ambushed as the majority.

We're going to hear from Mr. Kavanaugh, Judge Kavanaugh.

And I have been a judge, a prosecutor and a defense attorney.

And here's what I will tell you.

When it comes to where it happened, I still don't know.

I don't know when it happened.

She said she's 100 percent certain it did happen.

I bet you Judge Kavanaugh will say, I'm 100 percent sure I didn't do it.

AMNA NAWAZ: Democrats asked again today that the FBI investigate Ford's claims, something

President Trump has declined to order.

And committee Republicans have said, it's not necessary.

SEN.

CHARLES GRASSLEY (R), Iowa: I thank you very much for your testimony, more importantly

for your bravery coming out.

AMNA NAWAZ: After four hours of testimony, the committee dismissed Dr. Ford and turned

to Judge Kavanaugh.

SEN.

CHARLES GRASSLEY: Do you affirm that the testimony you are about to give before the committee

will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

BRETT KAVANAUGH, Supreme Court Justice Nominee: I do.

AMNA NAWAZ: Defiant as he made his defense, blasting Democrats for what he called -- quote

-- "a calculated and orchestrated political hit."

BRETT KAVANAUGH: I wasn't at the party described by Dr. Ford.

This confirmation process has become a national disgrace.

When I did at least OK enough at the hearings that it looked like I might actually get confirmed,

a new tactic was needed.

Some of you were lying in wait and had it ready.

And, as we all know, in the United States' political system of the early 2000s, what

goes around comes around.

AMNA NAWAZ: Kavanaugh emphatically continued to deny the allegations made by Dr. Ford.

BRETT KAVANAUGH: I am innocent of this charge.

I categorically and unequivocally deny the allegation against me by Dr. Ford.

AMNA NAWAZ: And he struggled to maintain his composure throughout, emotional as he spoke

about his family.

BRETT KAVANAUGH: The other night, Ashley and my daughter Liza said their prayers.

And little Liza, all of 10 years old, said to Ashley: "We should pray for the woman."

That's a lot of wisdom from a 10-year-old.

We mean no ill will.

AMNA NAWAZ: Under questioning by Mitchell, Kavanaugh was similarly put through the paces

on the details of his high school years, specifically at one point his alcohol consumption.

RACHEL MITCHELL: When you talked to FOX News the other night, you said that there were

times in high school when people might have had too many beers on occasion.

Does that include you?

BRETT KAVANAUGH: Sure.

AMNA NAWAZ: As the ranking Democrat, Senator Feinstein, questioned him about two more women

who have accused him of sexual misconduct and assault this week, Kavanaugh frequently

interrupted with frustration.

BRETT KAVANAUGH: I'm sorry to interrupt, but you're doing it.

AMNA NAWAZ: And he became increasingly agitated as Democrat Senator Leahy asked about Mark

Judge, an author who wrote about the teenage debauchery of a fictitious Brat O'Kavanaugh.

Republicans have not interviewed Judge, nor asked him to testify.

SEN.

PATRICK LEAHY (D), Vermont: I'm trying to get a straight answer from you under oath.

Are you Bart O'Kavanaugh that he's referring to?

Yes or no?

(CROSSTALK)

BRETT KAVANAUGH: You would have to ask him.

SEN.

PATRICK LEAHY: Well, I agree with you there.

And that's why I wish that the chairman had him here under oath.

AMNA NAWAZ: But when it came to the question of whether or not Kavanaugh would support

an FBI investigation into these matters...

BRETT KAVANAUGH: Senator, I will do whatever the committee wants.

AMNA NAWAZ: ... he deferred to the committee.

BRETT KAVANAUGH: But your coordinated and well-funded effort to destroy my good name

and destroy my family will not drive me out.

AMNA NAWAZ: For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Amna Nawaz.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And we are joined now by our congressional correspondent, Lisa Desjardins,

and our White House correspondent, Yamiche Alcindor.

Lisa, you were in the room as this hearing unfolded.

Tell us what you were seeing, what stood out to you and, in particular, what you were hearing

from senators.

LISA DESJARDINS: It is very hard to know where to start with this unprecedented hearing for

this particular committee and for any Supreme Court nominee, where there was an accuser

and a literal prosecutor in the room.

And I have to say, Judy, the entire day was charged with so -- emotion.

And my heart rate and I think anyone's heart rate in that room was very high, as maybe

it was for viewers as well.

But I want to tell people there were tears, both for Dr. Blasey Ford as she testified,

and also for Judge Kavanaugh.

But their testimony and tone was so very different from each other.

Blasey Ford was confident, but quiet.

You can tell she's inexperienced on Capitol Hill, for example.

Senators seem to kind of take her in more gentle strides, as did the prosecutor, vs.

Judge Kavanaugh, who came in like a thunderclap, a man who was at times angry, at times himself

sad, but whose emotions were also very thunderous, and Democratic senators felt that gave them

the room to actually push back with equal strength.

One other note.

Dr. Blasey Ford's team tells me she didn't watch Judge Kavanaugh's testimony.

JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Yamiche, probably at no place were they watching this more closely

than at the White House.

What were they saying about all this?

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Well, the White House said that the president watched this hearing very,

very closely.

So far, as of this hour, President Trump is sticking by Brett Kavanaugh.

He has not said anything updating us about whether or not he wants to withdraw this nomination.

However, I will say that Brett Kavanaugh spoke a lot like Donald Trump in his testimony.

And I say that because Brett Kavanaugh said, this is about pent-up revenge from the Clintons,

invoking the name of Hillary Clinton, which, of course, President Trump has used over and

over again, even after he won the campaign.

He also said that this is pent-up anger about -- because of President Trump's win in the

2016 election.

So, in that regard, you can almost hear him talking to President Trump, saying,I'm aligning

myself with you, and this is -- these are people that are angry at you that are trying

to come at me.

We have heard from a member of the Trump family.

Donald Trump Jr. tweeted that this was -- basically kind of ridiculing Dr. Ford's fear of flying,

saying that she shouldn't -- she was scared to fly for vacations, but she could fly in

for this testimony.

Republicans I have talked to you, though, say that they think that the president's going

to stick with Brett Kavanaugh, and that Republicans, if they can get just a couple votes of people

that are kind of shaky right now, notably, Senator Jeff Flake, that they can push this

through.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And, speaking of that, Lisa, what about the reaction of senators not on

the Judiciary Committee?

What are you hearing?

LISA DESJARDINS: That is absolutely the key.

While it seemed like Mr. Kavanaugh, Judge Kavanaugh at times was kind of broadcasting

a message for the White House and to the White House, a tone that the White House liked,

it is very much a big question now how Senators Lisa Murkowski and Susan Collins of Maine

take that tone.

And I have been in touch with their offices.

Nothing from them yet.

Those two senators alone, perhaps also Jeff Flake, could cause a delay in this voting

right now.

A reminder: This very committee -- haven't even finished this hearing yet -- is set to

vote on Judge Kavanaugh's nomination at 9:30 tomorrow morning.

It's really hard to know how to process all of this.

But I think, in coming hours, we should hope to hear from Senators Collins and Murkowski

on whether they think that vote should happen.

Of course, they matter because in the end when it gets to the Senate, those two women

can determine if Brett Kavanaugh can pass or not.

So while he was strong and booming in committee, the question -- and one Republican source

told me this -- they're not sure yet if it's going to come across as strong and confident

and sure, or is it going to come across as aggressive and a man who might have been capable

of more than people realized?

It's unclear yet.

Republicans aren't sure themselves.

JUDY WOODRUFF: So, just quickly, Lisa, to clarify, at this hour, it's not absolutely

clear they're going to take a vote tomorrow, the committee?

LISA DESJARDINS: At this hour.

The vote is scheduled for 9:30 a.m. tomorrow.

But Senator Grassley, the chairman of the committee, said yesterday that he might revisit

that after today's hearing.

He has not said that today, but, yesterday, he indicated that any -- that this hearing

would determine the next steps.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Yamiche, just finally, in the background of all this, of course, midterm

elections looming just less than six weeks away.

What are you -- you're talking to Republicans and others.

What are they saying?

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Talking to Republicans all day, a former RNC official, Republican -- of

the Republican National Committee, someone who worked very high in that organization,

told me that Republicans are ready to die on this political hill.

He said that, while this might look very, very bad for them and hurt them in the midterms,

Republican he's talked to you say that they really want this nomination to get pushed

through.

Karl Rove, who was a senior adviser to George W. Bush, also said that he thought Republicans

and the president wanted to get this through.

But he also said, Republicans -- this is going to be a cause celebre for Democrats.

They were Democratic women all over the country really waiting and supporting Dr. Ford.

And I'm going to read really quickly from a woman that I talked to you today.

She's a colleague of Dr. Ford named Debra Safer.

And she told me: "It's not her duty, as a victim, to educate us, but she's educating

us about the impact of being a victim of sexual assault and what it means to me disregarded,

when two people are having fun and you're suffering."

So, really, women -- so many women watched this and said, that could be me, that could

be my daughter, and we need to rally around this woman.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Reactions, of course, playing out across the country, not just on a purely

political level, but on a human level, to what we saw today.

Yamiche Alcindor, Lisa Desjardins, we thank you both.

For more infomation >> How Washington is reacting to emotionally charged Kavanaugh hearing - Duration: 12:57.

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At first, Kavanaugh avoided political controversies, then things changed - Duration: 2:09.

For more infomation >> At first, Kavanaugh avoided political controversies, then things changed - Duration: 2:09.

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'This is hell': Graham calls Kavanaugh allegations 'despicable' - Duration: 3:49.

For more infomation >> 'This is hell': Graham calls Kavanaugh allegations 'despicable' - Duration: 3:49.

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Ford, Kavanaugh both '100 percent' certain of their testimonies - Duration: 3:30.

For more infomation >> Ford, Kavanaugh both '100 percent' certain of their testimonies - Duration: 3:30.

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Brett Kavanaugh's testimony, in 3 minutes - Duration: 3:17.

For more infomation >> Brett Kavanaugh's testimony, in 3 minutes - Duration: 3:17.

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Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Blasey Ford face Senate panel - Duration: 10:34:10.

For more infomation >> Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Blasey Ford face Senate panel - Duration: 10:34:10.

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Opinion | The FBI must investigate Kavanaugh before a Supreme Court vote - Duration: 2:18.

-The Washington Post editorial board has a serious problem

with the Supreme Court confirmation process.

The Senate Judiciary Committee has failed to do its job,

vetting a man for a lifetime appointment

to the nation's most powerful court.

Nominee Brett Kavanaugh

is facing sexual assault allegations,

yet Republicans have refused to call in the FBI.

I wrote these editorials after consulting

with the nonpartisan editorial board and we all agree:

Without an FBI investigation,

Kavanaugh has not been fully vetted.

Dr Christine Blasey Ford has made a credible accusation

and brought up new leads that professional investigators

should have followed.

-I am here today not because

[crying] I want to be.

I'm terrified.

I'm here because I believe it is my civic duty

to tell you what happened to me while Brett Kavanaugh

and I were in high school.

-Judge Kavanaugh has made a strong denial.

-I never has any sexual or physical encounter

of any kind with Dr Ford.

I never attended a gathering like the one Dr Ford

describes in her allegation.

-Even more reason to tap the FBI.

Let it interview witnesses, gather evidence.

-Judge. -And I called for.

-If there's no truth. -A hearing immediately.

-If there is no truth to her charges,

the FBI investigation will show that.

Are you afraid that they might not?

-Come on.

-Republicans have already cut corners

on getting documents from Kavanaugh's past

and they've moved way too fast in the confirmation process.

Remember: Republicans were willing to leave

a Supreme Court seat open

when it was President Obama's turn to pick.

As things stand, one side or the other

is going to be very angry about what happens to Kavanaugh.

And, after this messy process, many Americans will question

the Senate's ability to review nominees.

So how should you feel?

Here's how I feel.

It comes down to what standard of proof

you want to apply to Supreme Court nominees.

Nobody deserves to be on the bench.

When you're about to throw someone in prison,

the standard is innocent until proven guilty.

When you're about to appoint someone for life

to the Supreme Court,

the standard should be more exacting.

The country can and should be picky.

If I were a Senator, I would be askin' myself:

"Am I willing to take the chance

that Christine Blasey Ford is right"?

Not without an FBI investigation, I wouldn't.

For more infomation >> Opinion | The FBI must investigate Kavanaugh before a Supreme Court vote - Duration: 2:18.

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How the country watched the Ford, Kavanaugh testimonies - Duration: 0:44.

For more infomation >> How the country watched the Ford, Kavanaugh testimonies - Duration: 0:44.

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Late-night reactions to the Kavanaugh hearing - Duration: 3:20.

For more infomation >> Late-night reactions to the Kavanaugh hearing - Duration: 3:20.

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Kavanaugh: 'I was not at the party' - Duration: 3:17.

For more infomation >> Kavanaugh: 'I was not at the party' - Duration: 3:17.

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Trump: Ford was a 'credible witness,' and Kavanaugh's testimony was 'incredible' - Duration: 1:56.

For more infomation >> Trump: Ford was a 'credible witness,' and Kavanaugh's testimony was 'incredible' - Duration: 1:56.

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Why the Washington Monument Looks Different - Duration: 3:01.

I sometimes like to say on my tours that if aliens came down to earth and abducted us

that they would probably visit and they would probably realize, OK this guy Abe Lincoln,

we can figure out what he did and Thomas Jefferson there's a statue of him over there.

But what's this big Egyptian obelisk in the middle of the National Mall?

So do you know what's going on with that?

Yeah it is definitely very different.

Originally the Washington Monument was supposed to be designed by Pierre L'Enfant who was

the original designer of Washington, DC and he comes to a really unceremonious end because

he ends up getting fired for insubordination, essentially.

He didn't want to wait for the government to buy up property when they were building

the city so he just bulldozed everybody's houses and he knocked down barns and shot

cows and he ends up getting fired so he never gets a chance to design the Capitol, the White

House, the Washington Monument.

He wanted the Washington Monument to be a giant gold equestrian statue of George Washington.

So the project languished for a long time and then in 1846 it was picked up and the

man that won the design, his name was Robert Mills, and he designs this big obelisk.

And the reason he picks and obelisk is because of the Freemasons.

The Freemasons are, you know, this old fraternal order that a lot of our founding fathers were

members of and Freemasons use a lot of Egyptian symbolism in their traditions and you'll see

it, you know, on the back of a U.S. dollar bill.

You see the pyramid, the all seeing eye, so that's why they chose and obelisk, because

it was an Egyptian symbol of light, you know, going up to the heavens, but it's much more

abstract than a lot of our other monuments.

It doesn't say Washington Monument anywhere on it!

Yeah so why not also include the statue of George Washington?

If they were going to..?

Well, money was a big deal.

The original Mills design actually was more elaborate.

He also designed for a colonnade to be built around the bottom and in between each one

he wanted a statue of George Washington.

I imagine him in like different poses, you flexing or looking out into the distance and

they didn't have enough money so none of that part was ever built.

So it's actually much more austere than Mills really intended in the original design.

So Mills's design to me makes a lot of sense.

You know, if we're going to build a monument to someone like George Washington it's going

to have those different statues and symbolism to remember the man so it is interesting that

we wound up with what we got.

Big pencil.

But now it's so iconic that you know, dare anyone say let's finish the project, let's

build what he originally designed there would be such an outcry that it would never happen.

Yeah.

Or at least I certainly couldn't imagine it.

I don't think it would ever happen.

Just adding those 50 flags that was a thing in and of itself.

There's 50 flags around the Washington Monument so I think it will stay as it is.

For more infomation >> Why the Washington Monument Looks Different - Duration: 3:01.

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Did You Know? George Washington Never Wore A Wig | Interesting Story | Nutshell Videos - Duration: 2:17.

Did you know?

George washington didn't wear a wig; the ponytail and perfect curls were all his…

he turned his brown hair white by using lots of powder so he kept his ponytail in a silk bag to keep it from

smearing across his back when he was dancing with the ladies.

George Washington's hairstyle is iconic and simple enough that most Americans can probably recall it in an instant —

or they can at least refresh their memory by pulling out a dollar bill or a quarter.

It was pulled back from his forehead and puffy on the sides,

colored grey-white perhaps like many wigs of the day. But Washington never wore a wig.

The painting, The Courtship of Washington by John C. McRae, was painted in 1860, long after Washington's death in 1799.

But a project out of the University of Virginia called The Papers of George Washington also confirms that the first president's natural hair color was light brown.

The style he favored wasn't fancy, though it may appear so to modern eyes. It was a military style called a queue.

Even if Washington didn't wear a wig —

he did powder his hair to get that white look.

It may also have been the fashion in America to wear less elaborate wig styles.

By the late 18th century, wigs were starting to go out of style.

So Washington could have been fashion-forward in his military simplicity.

Still, the powdering was a chore involving a robe to protect clothes,

a cone to protect the face and sometimes special bellows to puff the powder evenly.

But Washington's use of powder raises the question,

how did he avoid the look of permanent dandruff?

It's possible that the same solution that helped Washington's hair rolls stay fluffy also kept the powder sticking —

greasy hair and lots of pomade.

Bathing and washing hair frequently wasn't a popular activity,

so powders also solved the problem of smelly unwashed heads —

they were perfumed. It's a good thing fashions change.

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