News on Youtube Oct 30 2017

Anna Faris gazes into new bf Michael Barrett's eyes while sipping wine during

intimate date Anna Faris looked smitten on a PDA filled romantic lunch date with

her new boyfriend Michael Barrett in Seattle on October 27th see the pics of

the sweet couple here Anna Faris forty is slowly but surely becoming more

public with her new boyfriend Michael Barrett 47 after they were seen on a

sweet and romantic lunch date on October 27th at the cutters crook house in

Seattle check out the pics here the pair gazed

into each other's eyes while holding hands and sipping on wine at the

restaurant there were even reports of some kissing going on as well all eyes

have been on the couple since news of their relationship became public and it

looks like they're not letting any criticism or controversy get in the way

of enjoying each other's company the duo met on the set of the upcoming

film overboard and acted in the film and her new beau worked as a cinematographer

they were first seen spending time together last month in and around

Pacific Palisades not too long after Anna announced her split with husband of

eight years Chris Pratt 38 in August the former couple have a son Jack five

together and continue to co-parent him in the midst of their separation check

out some pics from Anna and Chris's relationship here Anna recently released

her book unqualified in which she shares some insight on how she got to where she

is today and also gives dating advice in addition to her book Anna runs a

successful dating advice podcast similarly called Anna Faris is

unqualified the show has had many talented celebrity guests including

Alanis Morissette Eva Longoria and Lance Bass it looks like the blonde beauty's

life both personally and professionally is only looking up from here

For more infomation >> Anna Faris Is Slowly But Surely Becoming More Public With Her New Boyfriend Michael Barrett - Duration: 2:06.

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Ophir Frieder - Searching Harsh Environments | Science Public Lecture | NASA Lecture - Duration: 51:00.

Welcome to the 2016 NASA Ames summer series

If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it does it make a sound

Another way to look at that question if a species a race or a data point

Disappears and we do not have a record of it

Did it exist?

Or does it have any value in the results of where we see

Today's presentation is entitled search searching harsh environments and will be given by dr. Or fear Frieda

He is a professor of biostatistics

bioinformatics and Bethel biomathematics in the Georgetown University Medical Center

He is he also holds the Robert and Katherine McDevitt chair

in computer science and information processing

Besides that he also holds an external position as a chief scientific officer of Umbra Health Corp

He received a bachelor's in science and computer science and communication studies and

Masters of Science and computer science and engineering and a PhD in computer science and engineering all from the University of Michigan

He's the fellow of the triple is the ACM I dub I Triple E. And nai

Please welcome, please join me in welcoming dr. Freda

Good morning, which is for me a little odd to say consider. It's really good afternoon, but for you it's good morning

Thank you for being here. I see the lights are nice, and shiny. I'm not used to

Bright lights, but we'll do what we can do so

Today's talk is about searching in harsh environments and before I came here. I looked at the

variety of talks are gonna be given through this summer series and

This one is not quite in the same a spirit as some of the other ones

This will be a little different this, but we'll save hopefully you'll piqued your interest at least

something

Alright, so first of all I have to correct you a well-known myth how many of you use Google?

Ok it's considering am I like a stone's throw away. It'd be pretty sad how many of you basically use Google today?

Ok no surprise

Well if you actually give a talk in any search community what you'll hear is that Google solved it all and for the most part

they actually have solved quite a bit of it, but it isn't exactly the truth because

Google really solved computerized data and a lot of data

Isn't computerized it judaized, and I'll show you what I mean in a second and more so

Google is hardly a

social media player how many of you have actually used Google+

Wow there's actually three of you impressed

I've given these talks in large audiences and

Not even a single hand so obviously

Google+ didn't quite make the splash we're hoping it to make and obviously it's

Social media is here all over the place. So Google me is hardly a social media player

so what I'm going to talk to you about today as

you can see I'm going to talk about a gambit of things and

The way I usually talk give a presentation is I usually pick something that I considers more engineering

Meaning that the solution to a real problem exists. I put it together

by me I say nice to actually put it together and

Be basically is in real use

So the other extreme is research which is something we hope to do in the future

We hope to get it to go into applied practice, and I'll talk to you about searching and mining of social media

But first I'm gonna start talking to you about what is complex document information processing and by complex information

I try to find something that would relate to NASA along the way now

I gotta tell you that I'm not an expert in anything that NASA does in fact

I'm not even a novice, but I do realize that when you actually look at the brochures

and you actually look at some of these stuff that you find online you talk about the

mission assurance

System and they talk about having timeliness of information that it will get you complete information as quickly as you can

Now complete information really means that you need to get it from all sources

Not just the standard computerized as you know it

So I'm going to talk about that and obviously I'm going to talk about the research direction in this area, so let me

By the way feel free to raise your hand and stop me

All right, so this is a complex document

When I talk about what is complex document I talk about documents like this and as you can see this is not your standard web

Document or isn't your standard Microsoft Word document, it's got

Stamps, it's got signatures. It's got logos. It's got a whole variety of things and that's pretty complex, but

This one's a little more complex

So this was a government funded project. I was working on and this too has

Logos and it too has signature and it also has

Different type components including tables and handwriting and by the way anybody can read this

No one can read this

Okay, anybody can read it from right left to right

I'm glad nobody said yes because they arabic you read from right to left

But anyway the fact the matter is that this is a complex document and you need to search that

now

Fortunately we know how to search it

Always know how to play with it

Like most of software development today your target is to be able to have software that basically you can utilize other people's software or

Freely available commodity software because if you actually tried to redevelop your software what you're gonna end up doing is

Having lots of errors if you ever succeed at all to have anything done, so what we do is we capitalize on other people's technology

freely available software

For the available component some more robust than others and we try to get an answer

And we do know how to deal with handwriting recognition

And we do know how to deal with DES with structured extraction

and we do know how to do with OCR and we do know how to do with all of that and

The way we deal with all that is simply we take the document

we basically a

We basically here's a code occupant. We then basically enhance a document because you can see it's kind of bad

We layer it

We OCR the various components we take all the various components that we run it through all the various software routines that we know

we put it together and

Then we try to either search it or mine it now

Obviously here

I can tell you that there's a need to quote unquote enhance the document that I have to prove it to you obviously

Taking the documents. You'll give me as granted and

Extracting stuff from it

you'll give me as granted, but your what I still owe you is an explanation of why I have to enhance it and

Why does integration make any difference at all?

So I owe you that explanation, so let me start with this

You can guess which side is enhanced and which side is not

Right, I'm looking people are like wondering. Okay. You do know very good

So you can tell which size enhancer inside that and one and you can tell it's a handwritten

document what this is is documents taken from a

Diary an old diary. That's gone through. Let us say adverse conditions during World War two and

Basically, it's a store in the museum so what we have here is basically a scanned image of it

and as you can tell you have to scratch it, and you and you can't really read it and

Even if you did try to do OCR forget it you can't get anywhere with it

But how about this one?

Now you can get somewhere on it, this one's even a little harder because it's got a conversation of a hand written and

Typed and

This one shows you that if you enhance it you really can get anywhere, which you can look at it. If you look at the

Black square rectangle you can't really read anything in the unenhanced and you can easily read it in the other enhance

Anybody want to try to translate it I?

Could make it beer and you speak fluent German well if you speak fluent German then you could translate it ah

Very enough I can translate it for you if you'd like but it's a little hard even for me to read. I'm a little closer

Anyway, so you'll by the fact that you need to enhance

Right you you should enhance because if you don't enhance

Things like that you won't be able to play a process certainly now with OCR

But I also only proof that you actually then

integration actually makes a difference and that you really do want to break the pieces into the whole into summer pieces and summit together and

The best way to do is this this is me

It's kind of like a business card

don't really use business cards anymore, but it's an old historical artifact, and I have to ask you the question of

What positions do I hold now if you actually look at it

and you did not deal with the text if you basically only deal with the

Components, they're non text you cannot answer that well. That's a given

but the real question is in which institution am I act and

As you can see without processing the logo you couldn't answer that so without

integration you couldn't answer either these two questions, so

Let me show you a little bit of what we did

But before we do that and I look at the age of the audience and this se makes it very clear for me

I have to address the notion of technology we built this prototype and by the time we were done. No one would use it

Because technology moves so quickly and so rapidly that it becomes out-of-date fairly quickly, but unfortunately or fortunately

What doesn't come out of date our?

benchmarks now I'll show you how sad or

inspiring whichever way you want to view it benchmarks are

so in

Early on days there's some competition called Trek anybody ever heard a track

nobodies ah

More than the number of people that use Google Plus

Trek is an international competition for text

It's basically not a competition. It's sponsored by NIST. It's a bake-off where everybody gets together they submit

They give you a set of queries they give you a set of a data

and they tell you go run your system on it submit the results you send it to the internist and this basically does the

evaluation for it's been running on for a long long time in

1993 which based on some of the audience age here was probably before some of you were born in 1993

They basically had a very very large collection a collection that was so large

They basically felt that the academics

Can't really do a lot of with it and what they did was that they actually had a subset of it

They also evaluated on it

So anybody want to guess what is a large collection in?

1993 a very large collection that academics couldn't handle

Order magnitude was it thinking terabytes

No, how about hundreds of Terra how about hundreds of a gigabytes?

It was actually two gigabytes

People couldn't store it forget

Forget actually products store it and they had to rely on a small subset collection which was 500 megabytes

If you take your iPhone in your pocket

Or whatever device you have and think how much you've got storage on it

And think of how many songs you have on it well anyway

that benchmark that they still still is used periodically today a

long time ago

Still used today, so we felt that we if we're going to have any benchmarks that we were going to build any benchmarks

We actually needed to build a benchmark. They would stand the test of time but more of the fact

We knew we had to build a bedroom because no such systems that we described were available and no was no way of evaluating him

Was possible so we had to spend a lot of time creating our own benchmarks

And you know what the cardinal rule of creating your own benchmark is

Are you you're you're guaranteed to be the best you're also guaranteed to be the worst, but you never say that

So we built a benchmark and what are the benchmarks well in order to have a benchmark we build a set of characteristics

What are the characters that we felt important it had a very?

Inputs it had a very in fonts it had a very in graphical

elements had a very and everything had a varying the whole things and

Key to it is it had to be

Free

How many times have you bought so when I was growing up and we wanted to buy music

We did something that's very archaic called we bought records

seen records

So when we we would buy records later on and we would buy CDs you've seen CDs

now let us say you borrow music from various different sources and

You never pay for data

You don't pay to read the newspaper you

Don't pay to search any media

it has to be free so for anybody to actually use it you had to worry about the copyright problems and

You had to make sure that if you solve the copyright

And you solved it in such a way that was free so we actually built a system built the benchmark. That's free

Make a long story short

We built this benchmark. It was used. It's about 7 million documents 42 million TIFF images. It's about a hundred

It's about hundred a gigabytes of OCR after you ocr'd it

It's one point five terabytes in size it's still credible, and it's most importantly it's still used

It's still there if you want it. You can go to nist and you can get it

Basically what we did was we actually came up with a way of actually searching this collection

And it was that's been used in like but suffice to say is we built a simple piranha type system that

had very simple integration they do all the components to it you just plug in component to gether and

You basically ran it now

Without going into details. Let me show you why this system isn't it should be a bigger interest so here's a query for you

The query says you want a logo of the American tobacco company it

Has to talk about the documents to talk about income forecast, and it has to be of talking about income for COS of greater than

500,000

now if you look at it the logo is pretty clear and

If you actually look at it the word in a red box that you probably can't see says income forecast

So far pretty straightforward, but in the black box it says 800,000

Now the reason I use that as an example is if you actually did a text search

You wouldn't find this document

Even if you found the logo because the text documents when you basically type in the number

500,000 what are you actually doing?

You're looking for a string that says 500,000

But in a database search when you say 500,000 or greater than 500,000 say in SQL

You actually get a result that's greater than 500,000 so this document fits

Here's another example

RJR logo with the filtration efficiency in a signature why do you care about signatures?

When do you sign?

Typically if you are in management particularly all you do all day long is like this

Because that's an authorization

So this is a way of identifying

something that has a logo it talks about filtration and somebody has an

authorization that did something about it hence this document

another example is

five find the five highest signatures of dollar allocations by people

Now you can imagine. There are some organizations that care about payments that are paid to people by certain authorizing people I

Guess too many people's in that commentary

but

To the goal in order to solve that you have to identify all the documents signed by the people you

Have to sum total any money that they talk about and then you have to sort order the ones to be most highest paid

But that's only relatively easy part of the challenge

How many how many people signed ten things in a row

More view than that I'm sure

The problem is when you sign ten times in a row how similar is your signature?

Hundred times in a row for that matter every time I sign something it looks different

So the fact that matters you have to do signature matching and

Unlike simple straightforward things signatures are very hard to match

But we cheat

How do you think we cheat?

Well we take different extraction procedures since we're integrating everything together and some byline who's gonna have a name where some headers gonna

Have a name and that's the way we match it

So that so these are the five people who paid the most amount of money and some payments on tobacco litigation

Here's another example

This is a query about the association's of people

Where they've paid who they've paid who dr. Stone has paid?

Again not your typical search that is supported and

Of course when I actually say that I build it actually I didn't do it very it was just running the effort

These are the people who actually did it and they did it over time and over time they've changed their affiliations

Some are students some are collaborators some are

Colleagues and so on and so forth and since I am an academic

And we have to worry about

Publications in the new age of a universities today a lot of people are looking at patents

So there are some patents about it later on

So that was kind of basically in the middle ground it was somewhere between

Research and practice you were trying to solve a real problem. We were trying to get something in a prototype stage

But it hasn't really seen major deployment or any specific deployment

the next effort we're talking about is a little bit more a

to the point and it's actually very relevant to systems that basically of user reporting's and

user reporting systems have wildly interesting Spelling's and have wildly interesting phrasing and have wildly interesting grammars and

When you have a real problem searching those

Like you have in the various reporting systems like NASA has

you need to come up with such a solution so

searching in advanced

conditions

What does it mean?

Spelling

Is difficult?

it's getting worse of a problem because we've got autocorrect for everything so basically people learn how to spell less and less well and

then they basically try to spell using the twig Twitter ease or

Any other encryption mechanism that they call spelling?

And it gets very difficult in spelling as a faculty I look at spelling when people write on exams is getting worse and worse

But it's even worse when you start in a spell in foreign languages

Particularly if you don't know the foreign language, but you're going to do a search that is related to the foreign language

So once at a situation exists in a collection called e score books

and

The other issue is when you start dealing with medical texts

And I'll tell you about both of them independently so e score books the score is an word in Hebrew means remember

it's a collection of books that are scattered around the world including in the Hong Kong United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and

In this collection the restriction there's restricted access

and there's also an X section that actually has an archive and

The archive people come in there and say I'd like to find

Meishan about

someone

And so okay fine, who are you looking for? Oh? They lived in some city?

Okay, fine, when is this from oh? This is from a World War 2 era, okay fine?

Could you be a little bit more specific? Where did they live in?

Europe

Not really helpful, but to start

Okay, what about?

Could you tell me what language they spoke? Oh? Yeah? Yeah, they spoke German getting a little better

What was the name of the city they lived in I?

Don't know, but he's had a

Berg in it

Anything else I'm not quite. I don't know I kind of sounds like

So I said, okay, so

Where would you be an example of it so what example of such city is called?

Bratislava

Anybody heard of Bratislava

Since a Slovakia

Does righty slava have the Berg in it I

Don't know how to spell about this lava - well, but doesn't sound like his Berg in it

But it does because in the board flesh Berg

was another name for Bratislava and

That one does have it

So it gets a little difficult, and they did speak German because the Jews of that area called it Pressburg

And they actually were speaking German

So we wanted to build a search system where people didn't quite know how to pronounce things people didn't quite know and how do

Location-wise find it PA people ready, but yet they wanted information, and we built a system that basically has

such an interface

But most importantly they give you when they give then they do a search

they actually can find a collection from the

Documents that actually have multiple languages in the same documents let alone different documents of different languages

And it produces a simple ranking system now as you can see it's not doing particularly great

but it is finding it and the way it finds is is based on this simple algorithm if

You look at the top green box

Segment section that is basically breaking things up in random pieces

And if you look at the bottom green box that is a traditional approach of what people do it's called engrams

Engrams is sliding character windows that go overlap each other in order to find what you're looking for

The problem is is

its sliding windows and

Sliding means contiguous, and if it's contiguous you cannot find some things that are basically chopped in the middle

so the top one takes care of it and

We built this system

in use in the archive section of the Holocaust Museum today and

It uses simple simplistic rules to break things up which are kind of crazy-looking

but they are to try variety and add mutations into things and

Here's a standard way of evaluating it

So the way you evaluate these systems is by taking the standard approach that is basically language basis called DM. Sound X

It's a sound X approach. It's by sound

Which doesn't help if you cannot pronounce it?

Anybody speak Czech here? Ah

Okay, then you can validate my statement, I don't speak Czech

But there are words that are yay long that just forget about

Vowels, they just don't think it's necessary

and

For somebody like me to try to pronounce them is a new experience

Make a long story short

Doesn't help the phonetics of it so the way that

Generally other approaches is called engrams and ours is the one in the bottom

And what you're looking at is basically a standard way of evaluating search and techniques for looking for letters

it's basically you add a letter you drop a letter you replace letter or you swap a random pair and

what you're looking at the ones in red are the ones that actually is the best score and

What you're looking at and when you talk about the rank is where in the list?

Did you find that what was the average rank for all the collections you tried?

And the reason there's two numbers is

for the bottom number

Sorry, the top the bottom number is what did you find that engrams also found so the u.s.. U-ace?

Hmm search finds everything the engrams search does plus some other ones

So if you only look at what the US hmm did in with the Engram that Engram also found?

It's the bottom number and as you can tell you these are ugly numbers, but what you want to see is where the trend is

And this is if you wanted to get really scary

add

Two characters add three characters add four random characters removes two three and four

Replace two three and four and swap two three and four and whatever you what you see is the trends of the same

So this is the algorithm that's used today in the archive section to find names

But I'm in a Medical Center one of my appointments is the Medical Center and

If you're in the Medical Center you basically want to show that you're doing something introduced for medicine

So we actually tried to deal with transcriptions, and how much errors occur

now

By transcription how many of you been to a hospital I?

Mean you've been treated in the hospital

It's quite a few how many of you would wish they would not be there during the time shifts between

And when nurses go from 3:00 to 3:30 or from 7:00 to 7:30?

the

nurses overlap and the reason they overlap is they hand off the information from one shift to the next

But a lot of times they kind of write things down and so and how many of you seen doctors handwriting's

They don't write things down. They kind of scribble

The bottom line is that transcription errors in the names and the medications and so on forget about it

so a

lot of these errors occurred and they account for quite a bit of the a

Possibilities now. Not all not all necessary are transcription errors, but some of them are

So we ran it on a

medical dictionary and this is a standard characteristics, and we were actually quite happy we did it okay and

Again, we did fairly well in fact. We found almost everything even when you basically tried

A complete mess of four swaps and so on and so forth

So that just shows this algorithm or and this is again

This is basically straight forward combination of modifying and Grahm solutions that are well known

Adding a little noise into it because noise helps by the way how many of you deal with optimization algorithms here

Some of you, there's a famous optimization algorithms there's things like

Simulated annealing and genetic algorithms, and you know what a key of their successes add some noise

Mutations random heating's

Right so we did the same thing here and then worked here to

Again these are the people involved and by what I when I say I didn't do much. It's

obviously my collaborators, and we think the massive users of the system for their comments and

again being an academic and of course my student very much appreciated the last a

academics stint to Santorini in April a very nice place

And now I

Kind of want to leave you with it to show you that really

We do some things that are hopefully for the future, and I'm going to talk about sorts in social media

and I don't need to motivate that I don't need to give you an a NASA program that does that it's

Everywhere everything to do with social media

So I'm going to talk about public health surveillance and

The way that it's usually done is it takes a long time

Because it takes a huge amount of a human knee

Effort it basically involves when somebody comes around and looks for you and goes to the doctor feeling sick and enough time

Different people go to the doctor. Eventually the doctor eat kourt's it and if enough doctors reported. Eventually. It's caught

but it takes a long time and

Therefore you need it expedited, and it's a way you expedite almost everything nowadays is

social media

So

How do you deal with social media? Well we're not the first in fact many people have done it typically they talk about a known

basic problem, so they're gonna say I'm gonna look for influenza, and they're gonna find influenza and

They're gonna look through it and because they know what exactly what they're looking for

This is a problem. If you don't know what you're looking for often. They use complex solutions I

firmly believe in the KISS principle

Anybody know the kiss principles. I'm sure you do keep it

I'll leave it to you to complete the rest of it

So the and those don't usually work because complex solutions take forever, and they aren't it really heavily adopted

Or they use their own resources that you can't get access to

for example query logs

Query logs are heavily used. Do you have an access to the query log?

Not really, so you can't do it

So what we wanted to do was we wanted to change the old way which was saying is there a flu

Ie looking for something specific to general things like is there something occurring

is there something new if

So yes, there is something occurring. It's the flu

So what we have was we have a collection of tweets, it's two billion tweets, which were given to us by Johns Hopkins

We basically took those tweets we partition them by time we then checked for them being trending and

Once we identify what is trending we saw if it's something that should alert us. That's the nutshell but I'll go in more specifics

So here's a tweet collection two billion we cleaned out the ones that are not health-related. We left 1.6 million

That it's partition over time so then we partition it over the time

We clean it up some more got rid of some punctuation stop words and so on and so forth

then we found out what is actually associated with one another and

We saw that if you took the tweens pounding heavy pounding headache sore throat and low-grade flu and fever

Versus the other ones you saw that certain things had a certain sufficient amount of support of what's going on so flu sore throat

had support three fever head support three coffin supported two and

Basically we decided to clean out and keep only things that above a certain threshold, so that's an example

Then we decide to see if that information is trending and what we did was we looked for us, we look for slope

Andesite

How many of you are still thinking writing your dissertations or

think about writing dissertations

thinking writing writing research papers

okay, I

Said we look for the change in slope

bad word

Tell you a better word

we change we look for the

derivative

because

Slope is a is. Delta-y over delta-x

Not to be confused with derivative which is Delta Y over Delta X

Sounds a saying it is the same but

But one is easier to publish with

Because it sounds very sophisticated derivative

And one is much sounds like you're in junior high you're talking about slope so we did derivatives. We didn't do slope

forget the slide

So here's an example of things which we look for its derivative

So here's the trending decision this one occurs very frequently right so the torso feel sick occurred very clear over time

This one did not occur so frequently, but this one trends the first one does not trend because although it's high not

Let's change to it

We took those

We used Wikipedia to map things to like the two alike sections

And why Wikipedia because it's layman's terms what's tweets written in

you see you see neoplasm or

sarcoma

Listed in tweets no see words like cancer so we wanted to clean use clean English

We looked for where in Wikipedia and mapped on to a concept

So here's the words that mapped on sore throat. We knew is actual medical thing. How do we know that?

We cheat

See the red circle this is icd-9 and icd-10 codes, what are icd-9 and icd-10 codes?

Billing codes

Billing codes for medicine now it's icd-10 previously was icd-9

If it has a billing code. It's a medical condition

Most likely

and

We compared in our reaction to two

flu and as you can see

The corrected Google and the CDC and ours you do not shouldn't compare the scale

But you should compare that you see we detected the trends at the right time

So we were a little optimistic and said maybe there's a hope for it

But I have to give you a word of warning

using tweets

While they are helpful in times they're not quite as helpful in others

So it is true that the landing on the Hudson and the Mumbai terror attacks were detected quickly in Twitter it

Is also true

Slightly less accurate is the flu tweet detection

Hurricane sandy had a bunch of misses in fact some cases where the misses were indicating in the wrong locations and

Some locations for the meet up to the wrong locations occurred in

Off to the east of New Jersey, which if you know geography is not exactly a very useful place to meet

But most was a full it was a my favorite of the celebrity deaths ah Goss of Colbert Report

I don't even used to see The Colbert Report

He had a show of speaking the Jeff Goldblum from the dead

Because on Twitter Jeff Goldblum was killed only problem, not problem only good thing is that Jeff Google isn't dead

So a Colbert talked to Jeff Goldblum from the dead

Because obviously Twitter had killed him, so don't necessarily bank on it being the case

So we

Actually looked to see what it can do and we try ended on sinuses

And we've noticed that there's a problem around the April and May time frame

We then look allergic response

And we saw that that trended along the April and May and in fact

So did food allergies along that same timeframe, so we said, maybe there's something to it

But the truth is that

What we used it is not to validate a situation because if you

Validated a Jeff Goldblum is dead. You would have validated it true, and it is false

Social media should not be necessarily the guide for validation of a concept

But should be a guide potentially for telling you something potentially has changed now

It may be a false alarm, or it may be reality

And if it's reality you will detect it by other sources it at least will give you something to do

It'll give you something to explore, so it is very useful as the hypothesis generator. Not so useful as a truth indicator and

that's what we did and

By we I mean all these people

Including Alec Colts when he was at Twitter

And so on and so forth along the way, and he are some

publications

again student appreciated he went not only to cologne, but he continued to go slovenia and a two and a half week vacation courtesy of

yours truly

So

What do we do I?

Showed you that

The whole is greater than some of the parts when you integrate things you can actually get somewhere you can solve problems

you couldn't solve otherwise I

Showed you that searching, which we all know is very easy

It's not so easy

if you can't really do the search, and if they've got very very adverse spelling and grammar and conditions along the way and

I sold you that social media

Should be used as a warning mechanism or an alarm indicator

But may not be the ideal situation for you to go solve via

truth indication

So let me conclude with one

Would would the way I always conclude I?

Always conclude with a bunch of statements one I

Have three cardinal rules?

rule number one is

Always finish on time and the reason it's important to finish on time is if you don't finish on time

people start to wonder

If you didn't know how to organize your talk, or didn't organize it so rule number one finish on time

rule number two

Rule number two is always leave room for questions and

It's very important leave room for questions because if you don't leave room time for questions people are start to say okay

This was a Kant speech

Person hadn't rehearsed

Was not did not want to answer any questions because they were afraid that they'll be asked questions

They don't know how to answer so rule number two is

Always leave room for questions, but not any rules is important is rule number three

Rule number three is by far the most important rule number. Three is never leave room for too many questions

because if you do they will

Realize that you didn't know what you were talking about and they will ask the questions that you cannot answer

So I was told that I would have a total of about 45 minutes. I

Was told I should leave room for questions

And it is now exactly 43 minutes 42 minutes and 25 seconds into the talk

so I

Very much, thank you for coming and are they I open the floor for questions

So great great rules and so we have time for questions

And maybe some deep questions that will challenge the speaker if you have a question

Please raise your hand and wait for the microphone and ask a question

In one of your tables of results you had drop a character add a character drop multiple characters add multiple characters

Those are different tables, but yeah

So it seems like for misspellings, you'd need combinations of those two did you also include?

dropping and adding and or maybe that was replacing or so we try we added we

evaluated using adding a character

Dropping a character replacing that character and random swaps of characters

And we did it up to a combination of four

So we basically you if you actually looked at what we searched with and you compared it to what?

To actually what we were really meant to search with

It was completely different. You wouldn't recognize some of the terms

And we also used actual real logs of a of a user's to compare as well

Um right now the FBI and CIA are doing huge numbers of searches to try to figure out if there are

People stalking us at this very moment etc

Are you working on any of that and does some of the some of the approaches that you're using help to root out this evil?

part of our society

Am I working on?

Stalking people

I try not to stalk people

I

work on technology a

Technology is used in various different ways and built various search systems along the way

so I don't actually know a

What people are using the systems or the algorithms or they that I have built?

So I really can't answer that but I try not to stalk people if that's the question the answer to your question

If I didn't answer your question ask it again

I

Said I was thinking more of using your technology to read between the lines and some of these

some of these communication systems that you know organizations like Isis is supposedly using over the Internet and

Whether or not. I mean you're not directly involved is what you answered me is saying

but

So you're not working with the FBI

And the CIA as far as you know as far as you know that your technology is not part of that

As far as I know no, but I can tell you that you can search

You can search a basic different languages along the way

Using different algorithms and different approaches some which I've actually used and developed

So what you are doing is great

But before you can do this you have to have these

documents digitized in this electronic form and

That's a big barrier both

technically and

Like legally so not all documents

available for this and actually maybe

too few documents are

How about this barrier

So the reason that we had the first part that I talked about is in order to try to get

Quote-unquote scanned documents into a form that you can actually OCR some of it, so you can actually do some of this interpretation

the goal is that if you can do the OCR and it's a big if

You can do the OCR then you can use some of these

foreign language search techniques or foreign

garbled search techniques to try to correct some of the OCR errors on top of it or at least start to search the

Documents that have them even if they're poor OCR Corrections, but yes

Digitization is the process and OCR doesn't always work in fact it works it often fails in some

documents

from various collections

we've actually tried to help people actually OCR and

We basically put our hands up and said it's never gonna happen at least never as far as computer science, which means five years

Are there any other lessons you learned from your work that you can apply to other areas of your life

if I ever learned any lessons I

Learned a lot of lessons

first and foremost when you do search technology

you should actually get your hand or do any evaluation of search development you better have a

Solid a benchmark to actually evaluate your systems with gold standard is

There's no replacement for gold standards and every approximation that you have

Fails to actually having the reality of it now

I'm not saying that you necessarily will always have it

But you should try to aspire it another thing is get really solid graduate students

Being an academic I made my a

Career whatever it is

Based on the hard work and ingenuity of my graduate students

I'm indebted for and also my colleagues, but really the fundamental works is done by the graduate students, so I guess

Resources get the resources you need it's probably the best. We have a grouping everything together, so that's the short answer for you

So in your Twitter example you got a very large database from John Hoffman

Is it possible to actually apply your model to live data?

And is it something that anyone's planning to do in the future?

So it's interesting you asked the initial goal was to try to do it on a live data in fact. We had an intern

Collaborator plus a

researcher at Twitter at the time

that was going to try to do it live we wanted to do what we wanted to as a real live feed and

basically be able to

parse any trend situation for different domains you need a domain because we have to identify the

vocabulary and is likely what you're trying to track but

the what that was the intent

Hasn't gone, very far. We're trying. We're trying to do some of that now

But it's still in an infancy so I can't really tell you if it actually will work or not

That's that's why when I piece this talk together. It was

What is kind of ripe for reality? What is?

What is in use and versus what is we hope will be eventually ripe for reality a?

So vocabulary was one two was noise

You need a strong enough signal you need a base enough of general vocabulary so that you'll be able to

be able to track enough information you needed specific enough so that it basically can isolate it correctly and

The problem comes in that you need also enough noise to be able to detect on the live stream

That when it spikes and when it when it goes down so the isolating noise and non

non

Major topics is it was the biggest problem if you have a major topic like influenza no problem

If you have a topic that basically deals with foodborne illnesses

we didn't quite get as far because

geographical coding of foodborne illnesses and people tweeting on it was not sufficient for us to catch it as of yet, I'm

hopeful

But can I guarantee it for you

Well now we're way over so with that please join me in thanking dr. Freda, they're like

You

For more infomation >> Ophir Frieder - Searching Harsh Environments | Science Public Lecture | NASA Lecture - Duration: 51:00.

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Barbara Block - Sushi and Satellites: Tracking Predators Across the Blue Serengeti | Public Lecture - Duration: 1:04:02.

Welcome to the 2016 NASA Ames summer series

Imagine being on a spacecraft

Exploring the universe and not knowing how your life-support system works and its weaknesses

This for NASA will be considered a very risky mission

Planet Earth

Is such a spacecraft where its surface is mostly covered by oceans that we don't fully understand

Today's presentation is entitled sushi and satellites

Tracking predators across the blue Serengeti will be given by dr. Barbara block

Dr.. Block is a Charles and Elizabeth proto Protheroe professor in marine sciences

evolutionary cellular and molecular

physiology at Stanford University

she is the co-founder of the

Monterey Bay Aquarium of the tuna research and conservation center

And is a co chief scientist for the tagging of Pacific predators program

Dr.. Block started her career with a Bachelors of Arts at from the University of Vermont

and

began in her

oceanography career with Atwoods Hall

Institute

She earned a PhD from Duke University and did a postdoc at the University of Pennsylvania

Please join me in welcoming dr. Block

Well it's a honor a privilege to be here at a NASA facility giving a talk about Earth

And I hope that today I can take you planetary

Explorers back to our planet and give you a sense of what's happening in the fluid part of the the world the oceans

So how many of you a personal question?

eats sushi

Everybody all right, then who's having a tuna fish sandwich for lunch today, Oh

Someone in the back all right so today

I hope that you're going to learn more about one of the Olympians in the sea

Some of the animals we study the oceans they move through and then walk away from the talk with an understanding of how NASA

satellite oceanography and NOAA satellite oceanography provides a lot of the background for

How we understand how animals are moving?

across two-thirds of our planet

So the challenge if I take you back to earth, and we watch the the spinning seawifs

view of the planet is

I'm going to argue today that

Significant portions of our federal budget should be spent on our planet because we really don't understand two-thirds of it

All right, so our view has changed radically since we've had earth orbiting satellites

We see the seasonal changes, but the challenge for

The terrestrial vertebrate the primate called man or woman is we have a hard time understanding

the mathematics the fluid dynamics and the challenges of

modeling

Organisms as they live in this fluid realm. That's not very transparent and to this day. We're just beginning

All right, we haven't been here very long

And we're just trying to figure out really how this planet works now put in context what I do

I study the Olympian of the see the giant bluefin tuna or a white shark

And as they slip and eat the waves just like a whale

Everything becomes non transparent and radio signals don't work

So how do you study animals who move across such large realms and what can it teach us if we're trying to go

to other galaxies season study other places

I've always enjoyed this view this NASA view of our planet. I used it many times in a program called the census of marine life

perhaps our

globe's largest program ever in the last

Decade to understand the biodiversity of our planet. I was fortunate enough to lead one of the projects

Called top and this enabled us to basically

Study large predators as they moved across the Pacific Ocean the largest ocean on the planet

So the dots that you'll see on maps today

Represent where animals go and part of a lesson today is how is it that we build engineering devices?

That enable us to see where the fastest animals in the ocean go

Beneath the waves where you can't use radio signals. I want you to be thinking about that because the challenge is great

So up until recently our view of our own planet

Coming from this institution too was one in which all we could do was see the surface

We didn't really see beneath the sea and the level of spending that we do to understand our planet isn't high enough

to actually ensure that the next generation of engineering tools the next generation of

Computational tools are getting into our ocean quick enough, so we solve the major questions of our time

What's the ocean-atmosphere?

Interaction and how is it?

Creating and

Impacting the change that we call climate

We have to separate the variability from the overall

Change that we know is occurring on this planet, and we haven't yet really spent the time

Created the mathematics created the tools that are allowing us to understand two-thirds of our planet Earth

So then add to that that researchers like myself want to study the animals who live in the planet

beneath the sea that it's not transparent and

Try to figure out how they work before it's too late for many of these populations because our appetite

Across the globe for sushi is actually the many populations of animals such as tunas in the sea

So I'd argue

Here at NASA, but the most important thing we do in the next hundred years the most important thing

We're doing in the next 50 years is using some of the technology. You're creating to go to

other planets

Right here on earth so that we can better understand

How is it that we will know what our seascapes are changing and what is it? We should know to prevent?

having any big surprises happen on our planet and

We're going to tell you today as oceanographers

it's not easy and it requires a

national commitment to

Oceans that we haven't yet seen

So I study big tunas I became fascinated with tunas at the age of an intern in this room a

person who basically started as a

intern in a laboratory at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and was fascinated because these are

one of the few warm fish in the sea, they're

Endothermic warm bodied like we are they're powerful animals that if you catch one at the end of a hook in line

You may be battling it for hours

So these Olympians are known across the planet to everybody else does sushi alright

And the next time you have your sushi dinner or lunch. I want you to take a good look at that piece of red muscle

Which is really white muscle it looks red and ask yourself

Where did it come from and then hopefully you'll share one of the lessons perhaps that you'll learn today

We've made it easy for all of you to see tunas

Just a hundred miles down the road at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Where behind a wall of very thick acrylic

We've got one of the largest displays of

Bluefin tuna from the Pacific an animal that's now being proposed

for an ESA and Endangered Species Act listing here in North America

We've also had in the past

Excuse me. White sharks. We're the only

Aquarium that's been able to keep alive

Young white sharks in captivity, so what's the importance of having tunas and white sharks behind glass?

Well the first thing is if you look at this

Animal moving and perhaps, can we bring the lights down at all so that we can see the ocean a little better?

You'd be interested to know that from a Navy perspective tunas are quite interesting. They're one of the most fusiform

Shapes in the sea they have the lowest coefficient of drag that you'll ever find in nature

And we're interested in how everything from their skin to their biomechanics is

uniquely

Formed morphologically and physiologically to help enhance these animals as they cross the oceans we only just in the past year

we're able to put a

Camera that working with a company. We've helped to

engineer to do exactly what we want on a tuna so that we can watch the flip of its tail as

It goes behind the sea how this animal creates vorticity

Maybe a secret of how the most efficient machines on the planet

If they were in the ocean should be moving all right. These are animals who cross tens of thousands of nautical miles

In a year in the ocean

So my real fascination is what makes the Olympian so unique the tuna

I don't want to give that lecture today, but I've just left you with a few thoughts

They're actually moving like a kangaroo a kangaroo bounces stores elastic energy

And then hops again at a almost free energetic cost but tuna bends its tail

stretching elastic tendons as we've been learning and

actually can bring its tail back to its centre position

without much muscular energy being

utilized if we could make a

Autonomous vehicle, that's using the biomechanics of a tuna. We might be able to go places further

These animals are powered as that infrared image shows you its heat

By warm muscles and it helps us understand the mechanical advantages really of being warm

But when it comes to understanding a tunas journey beneath the sea as I've said they're difficult to study

That's why we know so little up until recently

they're highly migratory a single tuna will be born in the seize off Japan and its lifetime swim over to

Mexico spend four years here in California water swimming north and south between

California and Mexico go back to Japan and then take a post spawning migration down to New Zealand and come back

Largest life history of any fish we know and to see how can we study that?

so in our field

There's been a push towards small miniature electronic devices that we can put on the animals

There's been a push towards using

Genomics and chemical markers these would be elements in the animal that tell us where it's been has it been off the waters of Fukushima

And then come on over we can actually measure that and then we can begin to put together the migrations

And there's a lot of novel techniques in the last few years that have developed

But overall these fields aren't well funded and so knowing simple questions like how many white sharks there are in the sea?

How many are there off, California?

How big is the spawning population of bluefin left in the Pacific Ocean these are not easy to answer questions they require?

interdisciplinary science of ocean science satellite oceanography

electronic tagging and

computational mathematics to help put together models of how many animals there are

So certainly you won't forget this that the next time you go over the Golden Gate Bridge

Let me be the first to tell you that our research has shown that

White sharks are crossing beneath you and moving into the San Francisco Bay

All right, so we know this primarily from electronic tags, but when you see across the bridge into the surface you hardly know

What's happening beneath you?

We know from electronic tags

And I'm just giving you an overview at this point that we can see in the white dots from satellite tags

I'll explain how they work shortly we can see where a white shark goes and the only

boundaries for its protection are the green areas barely visible on the map those would be

sanctuaries and reserves and

You're looking at a third if you will of the Pacific

they're from our shores to Hawaii and

The black areas are easy so a white shark if we're asking is this an animal that has any protection

It's an animal it's listed at the highest levels of

being concerned

It's really got this huge open space where it roams and these open spaces

We've only just been studying, so this is tracks from our satellite tags

I'll be talking about in which a white shark is moving from California to a center place

halfway between Hawaii and California place we call the white shark cafe and

These places weren't even known less than a decade ago

all of the North American white sharks gather in a single place and

This single place. We've never been to but we know it exists, and we want to know why?

We want to know why because that's a picture that has been generated through listening to the radio signals of AIS

That's what we use on ships to avoid collisions our collaborators at

Google and

Sky truth have created a program called global fish watch

That's human beings or predators. That's where we are this is just the fishing human beings with AIS and

Right in the cafe. We've got an area that

humans are actually

Interacting with it so we're concerned that no matter what we do for white sharks on our coast if we have this human predation

Situation this is all sort of the wild west of where humans are on our planet

We might have a problem

Conserving these animals if we can't actually keep track of who's there I?

Also do what some of you do here at NASA at Ames, I'm actually a card-carrying animal physiologist

That's what I teach at Stanford

I'm interested in how an organism works from its genes to its environment?

I'm interested primarily in the cardiac physiology of how the Olympic athlete the tuna works I

Think as a nation. We're not really considering enough if we really are

Headed towards this warming world. What will be the impact on mammals such as ourselves

I study what the impact is on fish and what we're learning is that the atrium of our hearts is actually a

very sensitive or

All right, so what we can learn from studying fish physiology can teach us about what's happening in the world around us of humans

polar bears all from studying an Olympic cart of a tuna

We do this by having unusual facilities in Monterey and back of the Monterey Bay Aquarium at Stanford University. We've got

Treadmills that allow us to put fish

Inside the flume and ask the question

What's it like to swim to Japan and we can find out how these animals operate? We can work with our friends from onr?

Instrument the animals all along their bodies or make models and instrument them and try to learn the secrets of how when they swim they

Actually keep flow laminar across most of their body in a way

That's extraordinarily unique, and then we can build a you v's or automated vehicles that that use these principles

In the mechanical design and then most important even for a mission to Mars

We have to as physiologists work together to understand. What is resilience in the physiological system

What is it that we need to be paying attention to in a warming sea or a cooling sea?

What do you need to be paying attention to?

For an organism that has to travel a long distance without

much gravity and

We are at the cutting edge of trying to figure out. What are the tools of genomics that can teach us?

The clear signals we should be watching for in our

Organelles as we look for these changes that we call

adaptation or resilience to warming seas

It's hard to focus on the individual organism when we really have this collective planet this planet that all of us in this room

Need to be thinking about which is undergoing

extraordinary physiological changes

But we've only just begun to develop the monitoring system to keep our eyes on what's happening this

Ocean is warming along with the planet

Perhaps less understood is the fact it's D oxygenating?

This ocean that gave rise to all of life on this planet

Is losing its oxygen as the physics of warming happened, and then the most?

Concerning aspect of the oceans is as it buffers this planet the co2 that's being absorbed

We're getting an increase of acidity

The physiology of Earth may be the most important thing that we're studying right now

And yet the NASA budget probably doesn't have a whole lot in it for this particular enterprise

All right

This is really our future this planet

Our planet is a planet in which climate change is real

And it's happening and we can measure it in the seas and our planet is a planet in which humans across this planet are

taking the Sharks and the tunas all of the large predators out at an alarming rate and

Despite enormous efforts of good management here in our nation

We still have to actually deal with the fact that much of the problems are in unregulated seas

So predators are in decline and when you put a long line in to capture a tuna or a shark

It often captures a leatherback every species of turtle on this planet

That's the marine turtle is endangered and albatross or many other species

This happens because of our appetite on this planet for sushi and tuna all right

We're at a point where there's 7 billion people headed to potentially eight or nine and now that tuna stocks are down

sharks are becoming a targeted species I

Like to remind myself that all of this happened in my lifetime when I was born

and the Apollo missions were happening our oceans were virgin places barely understood I

Always drawn into Woods Hole Oceanographic like many of you too exploration because of the enormous

excitement around discovery of the vents and

the 50 years of

this lifetime my own is the 50 years that a lot of the

Challenges that we're facing on this planet at the level of Earth have happened

And so the optimism in the room is that we have such great young people

Great universities and that we have to come up with solutions that are based in new technologies

I'm gonna just give you one last glimpse of this. This is a

The Atlantic Ocean number of hooks this is when I was born

This is Japan and other nations exploring what it would be like to set hooks in log scale

Hot color would be lots of hooks. This is when I went to I guess I must have graduated from high school

This is graduating from college

Red areas being very hot and then this is when I came to Stanford and now

After being a professor so when we see these pictures

What they represent are hundreds of thousands of hooks and 5x5 blocks being set across the planet and?

Because it's out of sight and out of mind maybe a tuna might sell for a million dollars, and you'll hear about it

That's not what most tunas sell for but it really is amazing. How much of

the planetary organism ol

Fish and sharks get removed and nobody really pays attention to it all right

So we don't want our kids to grow up in an ocean as daniel pauly says in which we're fishing down the marine food chain

And that jellyfish will be the future we want an ocean with healthy ecosystems

So to have it an ocean with healthy ecosystems

Means we have to build the technologies of today

That will take us into our oceans and allow us to see what's happening a reef

That's changing its acidity a shark population. That's being overfished

We have to use the new tools that we have around us in ways that are really ways they haven't been used and

So my community of scientists have responded to this challenge first for the interest in physiology

but then because of the conservation need

So we call the area of bio logging the area of being able to take data and telemetry it back

An area that certainly NASA created without question I can still remember

Being in my car and hearing about an astronaut who's having its body temperature monitored in two limited at home

And I remember thinking to myself gee I'd like to do that in a tunafish

I want to measure when the tuna eats a meal and learn in the tank exactly when it happens

so we've been building tags with companies for a long time and these tags which you might think of our fish and chips type of

Activity they're helping us understand where everything goes in the sea and to take back our seas

We're even imagining a day soon when chips on fish will allow us to catch the poachers

The bigger challenge we face, and this is one of my favorite images of Earth. It's a seawifs satellite image is

We don't entirely understand how the ecosystems that these animals live in

Actually operate so when we look at a picture of Earth see if I can get the laser pointer working

We see this gorgeous picture in which the green is the pastures of our oceans

The blue is the deserts and until I saw that image

I've learned everything in a textbook about oceans, but then I saw our planet and I realized how it really works

Here are the big gyres where you might not want to go if you're feeding and you begin to understand

Why fisheries happen along our coastlines?

We have the satellite imagery, but why is it we don't know we're carnivores go in the ocean

Why is it that all of you can close your eyes and really?

Imagine what it's like when a white shark excuse me when a lion

Takes down its prey, but it's a little harder for a tuna a little easier for a white chick because of Shark Week

We don't know the basics though, we know how many Lions there are how many giraffes there?

Are we know we're losing elephants and rhinos and we know that disastrous situation for many animals

In the African plains and the Serengeti, but we don't really understand the answers to those questions

For tunas and sharks we barely understand what's going on in Monterey on a summer afternoon

Cloudiest could be all summer there we as oceanographers have begun to figure it out

We know that the winds of spring the northwest winds that are so strong in

Spring are creating upwelling bringing up the nutrient-rich water

That then seeds the pastures of summer, and that would be the phytoplankton that then draws in the krill

That then brings the anchovy

Or the sardine and then brings in the blue whale the humpback in the bluefin tuna

We barely understand until our tagging program where the places like for wildebeest are in which there might be a long

migration or how the seasonal migrations of the Serengeti might work at an ocean scale and who'd be at the watering hole

And it wasn't until 2002 that we began actually putting the first

electronics on a bluefin tuna

Who might swim from our site back to Japan and down to New Zealand him back, and hope that we might see that tag again?

All right, so the challenge is not only in the electronics

But it's also in that challenge of how do you put things on large?

Objects that move through a fluid medium that has a lot of salt

And I didn't keep the engineering going or how like my colleagues in Top?

dr. Bruce mate from Oregon State University

How do you go up to a blue whale and put an electronic tag on a blue oil and?

Then how do you take all of this and put it in a context of a moving fluid?

That changes it both seasonal and decadal scales and tell a story about how our planet earth functions

So you begin by building a tunas Center, which we did in 1994 with the Monterey Bay Aquarium in Stanford

And then you have to convince your colleagues or engineers that this is an exciting area

It's not the most well funded part of our science stream, but what we began doing?

partnered with the Navy and

NOAA and many different funding streams

Under not is we began building the instruments we needed to put on the animals that we can measure what's happening in the ocean

My favorite instrument that we spent a lot of time building. It's called an archival tag. It's simply a computer

I'd say it has the most sensitive light sensor on the planet

It's arguable but it's a nine decade light sensor has oceanographic quality temperature and pressure

It goes into a fish surgically the fish carries it in the ocean

And we want to get it back up to six years later

That's what we're doing right now and tell the journey that fish took. How do we do that?

Well, we have to depend upon humans to get it back. That's not always a good thing to depend upon so there's a fishery

Targeted fishery in which there's about three or four languages on the tag

It says return the tag return the computer, and if you get it back

Rabil underneath the sea to draw a map of a fish that was tagged here went up the coast moved offshore

Once all the way back again, and then went back to Japan and got caught so how did we do that?

We did it using the mathematics that was invested in astronomy and sailing from a long time ago

and that is if I have an accurate clock not an easy thing to build and keeping a tuna and I have

photons I can measure sunrise and sunset

and I can actually do mathematical algorithms that tell me where I am on the planet and

Correct for the diving fish all right, so that's what we're doing and that geolocation

Has now been input into a variety of tag types that sometimes you have to get back and on other times

You can actually pop it off the animal and get it back through satellite uplink and I'm going to tell you about a whole

family of tags that engineers have built around the bio logging community that have really led to a

breakthrough in understanding where animals go a

Second type of tag that happens in animal tagging is

Obvious to most people you put a radio tag on the back of an animal when it comes to the surface it sends up its

signal

but it's harder to put that on a fish because fish don't come to the surface so we use pop-up satellite archival tags at the

top

Sometimes we can take a dorsal fin of a shark

And we can put a tag at the tip

We're only learning every day more and more about how to do this we can send Argos satellite signals

we can now send GPS signals, but only just as a

community learning how to do that well we hope to bring fast lock technology from military applications into

The marine realm because when an animal comes to the surface like a whale and goes

And gets a breath or uh pinniped it's not there for very long and so how long does it take to get a?

Global satellite signal a lot longer than a breathing whale at the surface or a shark who's finning

This is the first shark over the past year that we've put GPS at the tip of its dorsal fin

And what we're able to do is in

Tan is our Argo signal and yellow is our GPS signal

I didn't put the geolocation signal, but we learned that you know we're doing pretty well with the

Methodologies we have and GPS is getting us somewhere there, but it's hard to get the signal off the animal

So these are the types of tags the most complex tags

We're doing right now our camera tags with magnetometers and accelerometers that tell us everything about

pitch and speed underneath the sea

And we're trying to put these on tunas and sharks and find out how they work

But the most important thing we do is we get a lot of points about animals

Who are the most targeted animals on the planet about a hundred thousand points from two thousand days of tagging huge amounts of effort?

catching each fish

Individually and in the Pacific. I took this off the web this morning

There's this is from ten hours ago. It says Pacific bluefin tuna could become extinct without a fishing, ban

All right, so the importance of this type of work is that without

Finding out what they do we can't manage these animals, so I'm gonna give you a couple examples. This is the Atlantic Ocean?

60 nations are meeting next week in Europe in Spain to decide

How does the science support best splitting up the last?

Two not for the two different sides of the ocean and how can we best manage?

What we hope is a recovery so we have two populations that are thought to not cross the ocean originally

But now we've learned from tagging they do

We manage the western side of the basin differently than the eastern side we have a smaller stock in the West off

North America a larger stock in the mid, this is the American stock

So this is lots of breeding tunas it declined long ago. Hovering near its

Minimum down here. Maybe there's an uptick, but then we had a Gulf oil spill, and it's not really clear. What's going on

So as I mentioned we surgically put these tags into the tuna. We let them go we mark the tuna with a

Small mark that's green that says if you return me you'll get $1,000

And we get fishermen returning the tags and when they return the big tunas

It's about 22 percent of our instruments come back and the small tunas where there's a higher

Mortality rate in the Pacific we get about half of them back, and that's a lot to get back from a wild ocean

so then what we do is we compute where the fish went so in the color is a

Track of a fish beneath the sea, it's never sent us a radio signal

This is all beneath the sea all done with the geolocation algorithm

It's a probability function of where is the animal we hook those probabilities together with an error and then?

What we're able to do is run a state-space model that over time has improved

telling us where an animal that's completely beneath the sea is going and

What is the reward for your hard work over 20 years is to get tracks like this the colors are date or months in which?

the first year the animal you was over in America then the animal went to Ireland and then Ireland to Spain and

back and forth again

They breed in the Mediterranean so you start over here and realize that a fish that you met off the coast of North Carolina

is really a

Mediterranean breeder so we begin to separate

Who's who in the ocean?

another

Example of fish in the first year swimming right across to Spain and then the same thing going in the Balearic stew breed for three

Years in a row and so it's through this type of activity that we can begin to separate populations

This is a population. This is one fish who's gone into the Gulf twice to breed and we begin to see that

There is a very very small North American giant bluefin tuna

That's separate from the European bluefin tuna, but they mix on their foraging grounds

We can also see into the ocean with the animal as it dives. It's become a

Sensor there's a day in the life of a tuna down here in which the animals diving

Maybe to get a cod or something like that. This is the ambient temperature

There's the warm body temperature the animal is moving along this trajectory

And over the life of this tag a year and a half of data. You get this gorgeous data at the level of oceanographic equipment

To get the pop-up tag to work took a lot of effort by many people and so this is a

pop-up tagging here at moiré

learning how to pop the tags off first in

Pens and then building an instrument that was robust enough to work in the wild now what we do routinely is

Put the external tag on the outside of a fish pretty hard to keep it on it's 30 grams

hard to get it smaller with its radio transmitters it then does all the

Computational math of the modeling of sunrise and sunset on the tag we correct

The latitude by taking the zero pressure in blue and temperature and fitting that with

Sea surface temperature we get from satellites from NASA, NOAA

We then can bring these two models of where the fish is along a known light longitude together

And then get that probability and the hard part about pop-up tags is you have to send that data back?

So the tag is small it rides records all this data

Does some smart computational functions comes to the surface on a release that you program in and then sends the data back to?

Argos

system so then we're able to take

Imagery from NASA NOAA bring it together with the track and for the first time in our lives

Really see how it is that the Gulf Stream becomes for example the transporter of?

The tuna and how rings off the Gulf Stream are places that they really love to

Go and then how an animal might probe the Gulf of Maine

Look for something in there find

It's too cold and then go back before heading back down to North Carolina, and so this type of work is challenging to do

So we also are able to as I said send back these

oceanographic signals find out how a fish

And a population are using the Gulf of Mexico

We're able to see that some of these fish move across

To the Mediterranean as I told you combine it with

Genetics such that we can see gulf fish Mediterranean fish and fish that are sort of in the North Atlantic

We can use ear bones with elements to tell us from which

Population read from the Gulf and blue from the Med the saltier see the animals come from and we take all this

Information and for the first time we're able to say to the world

There's two populations, maybe a third that's residential in the Med

And we need to manage the mathematics of how many tuners there are we're this

Understanding and tell the bodies that manage the tuna that your models need to have an overlap mathematics and not the separation

Tunas also came into the Gulf of Mexico to breed and this is where we had the world's largest oil spill not too long ago

And we're just publishing some papers now in which we look at what happened after spawning

What did the Gulf oil do to the animals and what did it do to their spawn?

That's going to impact the population and we do that with satellite oceanography again

coming from both no and NASA in which along a trajectory of where a tuna is we can tell a

Behavior of spawning that is we can tell when the tunas if you will have sex and they do like us some unusual things

I'm not going to go into the detail

They have a pattern up here of

Behavior of temperature and pressure that you could almost with your eyes see is on a dial basis different than the pattern below

and

We know from our own work physiologically that petroleum is a cardiac arithmetic agent

we actually showed that and so we can actually then make some population estimates of what happened when

tunas spawn in oceanographic places that are

Oiled so we can bring the layers together and then ask the question

What was the probability in the oil spill of a tuna habitat in?

High probability green being covered with oil and then also having a spawning event occur and that's how we bring together these

disparate fields of satellite oceanography and behavior

I'm going to skip past this because of time and tell you

Slightly about our other projects so out here in the Pacific

Which is a bit more of the unknown? We have big sanctuaries and we're trying to understand as I mentioned

We've been talking about the tunas how does an ocean as big as the Pacific operate?

To do that we took all of our equipment our satellite tags on the heads of seals our

Popup tags or tuna archival tags and the simple questions that we're asking are if we understand that there's a relationship between

Upwelling and productivity how do you get optimum habitats off?

California and why does it occur only for about four to five months of the year?

Why is the hotspot if you will July to November?

So we satellite ocean

oceanographic Li tagged from

UCSC and Daniel Kostas lab in top the

heels off of off of

Ano nuevo we built special tags with our British colleagues that carried CT DS on the top there?

So these are true CT D's like you'd see off an oceanographic ship. They measure salinity

Temperature they now do fluorescence and we put this on

Animals along with the fast lock a GPS and we began to get you know precision oceanography about what they're doing

and what we learned from this type of activity the elephant seal goes a

Third to a half way across the Pacific and comes back to a beach where you can get the data back

We've got the Sharks. I told you about here's some salmon sharks. Here's some tuna here

We found that we had a neighborhood in our backyard

That we have this ocean called the Pacific but once we put tags on we found that from Hawaii to here is sort of an

ocean neighborhood and then in the summer months

from New Zealand from Indonesia from the Bering Sea

Animals know it's such a great place to feed it's sort of the McDonald's of the west coast that they all come up here on

remarkable migrations to feed here and so what we learned by studying many animals and Guilds working together as

Scientists is that the west coast of North America?

Has a place that attracts?

Albatross that has tunas that has sharks and for the first time we could separate in colors there different species and their habitats

With tagging and the main result of the project was to learn in red that if you tagged

4,000 animals and get

tens of thousands hundreds of thousands of points that the hotspot after you correct for having put many of the tags in the west coast

Isn't just a diffusional place that they go to because you tagged him here the hot spot is here because it's actually

aggregating much of the wildlife of the Pacific in the northern

Pacific ocean and there's three hot spots in particular we found the highway the north pacific

transition zone the California Current and the white shark cafe

We also found that much to our surprise when we started we didn't really know this that if you take

Oceanographic values this would be chlorophyll this down here is temperature with red being warm colors

and you run the mean latitude of all these guilds through the year that there's a very seasonal pattern of either going north south or

Going inshore offshore that there's actually a clock that the animals are on that

Clock is a seasonal clock in which this is the hot spot all over the west coast of North America and blue our

Transit periods and yellow is the residency period so I've told you a lot about Pacific bluefin tuna

I'm not gonna say I mean Atlantic bluefin tuna on the Pacific side a tuna would be tagged

excuse me and go north and south for quite some time and

In blue is bluefin in red is yellowfin three different species and white will be albacore tuna

Those are the tunas of the west coast of North America this would be a NASA generated

Surface temperature

Map from JPL and what we'll have is then tuna showing you their migration highway home

They always go along that highway, and then we'll see that in red the yellow fin tuna will be clinging to North America

They'll stay here. That's what makes a population and then the albacore going out towards the cafe

Perhaps the biggest migrators as we learned we took tuna tags and through the work of Scott Shafer at San Jose State

We were able to show that with light-based geolocation that

Animals the smallest shearwaters that you see here in the summer are coming up from New Zealand

Ending up on our coast maybe going over to Japan and then coming back down on some of the largest migrations on the planet

These are with small light-based geolocation tags that the birds carry on their feet

And when we do all this tagging together we begin to see that we understand that the transition zone

we need satellites to really see this is between a subarctic front and the

Subtropical gyre that an albatross on a single trip will use that frontal zone

With a satellite tag that a Pacific bluefin tuna will migrate along this frontal zone

And so will the elephant seals because that's where the food is so begin to know where the highways that we have to watch where

Humans might be gathering well use the satellite data

Make the synthesis of taking all the data that we have putting it together with GAM models and asking the question

What is it that structures the habitat?

How is it that temperature in chlorophyll are structuring these places, and then we'll look at something like our elephant seal or pinniped

Information, and we'll take this to a step further where it helps the planet earth where the data that we're gathering as as

Biologists now as the animals move up and down is being sent to the world

You know GTS data set and the animals themselves as they cross the Pacific and come back with their tags

Can actually take more data than any man-made automated vehicle at a lower cost you know the cost of a sardine or two?

Across the entire ocean basin all right, so this animals as ocean sensors project is something. That's grown up out of top

It's happening across the planet

What we do as animal oceanographers as we take our data

we're learning to strip the ocean data from it send it up to the

World system so that we can have a better view of that in situ look at the oceans such that if this is

Last year's El Nino

This is my colleague Dan Kostas team

Where we're sending out the elephant seals to see the warm blob that developed

And you look at you know we the Argo float program a well-funded oceanographic program

And the red are the hot areas of how much data is coming back in terms of

casts the seals for a very low cost can actually generate quite a bit of data

This has really been taking a heart at the

Arctic and Antarctic zones where those are animal tags from five nations in the Ma'at program being put out

versus the Argo floats in red

Which can't really get to some of the places that the animals can get to so animals are being cohorts in oceanography?

across the planet I

Want to just tell you just a few more stories, this is a satellite tag on a shark

We didn't know when we started we could send data from the fin of a shark

this is

Coming down from Alaska a salmon shark really roving over the Northeast Pacific

Here's a mako over three years tagged here one year two years and the third year and then today off the web

This is this morning a salmon shark we tagged last year your Alaska's right in Monterey Bay

I might go out and see that shark this weekend

So we again another story here learned about this whole other cousins of white sharks

They're enormous migrations with satellite tags there. This is the population on the right a single individual on the on the left

And you know I would argue that we don't have polar bear tracks for this long again from technology. That is

Allowing us to figure out where they are what their impact are on salmon

And then the one that everybody wants to hear about are the white sharks in our backyard to tags acoustic and pop up

Everybody wants to know how we do it. We bring them close to the boat

We don't recommend you do this at home

And when you bring a white shark close to the boat you can attract them with a seal decoy and a piece of blubber

You can get the animal moving right into the boat area

And if you put on a tag like a satellite tag in red our individual tracks and in yellow is the whole population

That's how we learn that every shark here on California coast is going offshore

Back in shore and hanging out at places like the white shark cafe

The depth information on the tag gives us the incredible story that in close to shore

This is what you're most interested in for the surfers in the room

They're right here at the surface red being the high occupancy areas once they go offshore

They're doing a diol behavior and in the cafe

My colleague Sal Jorgensen has shown that they're doing a rapid oscillatory diving we think this could be behaviorally some sort of

behavior that's attracting males and females in the cafe, so

They're eating pinnipeds close-to-home squid offshore

And the cafe is the place for meet and greet and in this cafe. We know very little that's happening there. We know

It's a concentrated place. We haven't been there yet

We can use satellites to look down on it and what we're doing right now with our Google colleagues is looking at

Who's in the cafe? This is now human fishing hours?

In the cafe using the AIS beacons to ask who is in our blue Serengeti and note there's very little activity

In our North American ocean, that's good

All right, so I'll sum that up by showing all three species now make white sharks

Salmon sharks all moving through space and time in an ocean of color of temperature

And we see the three species and their shadows they're separated

And basically the white sharks out there in the cafe. You could learn what time would be a good time to go swimming in Monterey

April looks pretty good

And then these sharks are gonna come back and you'll see that

They'll peak on our shore right about coming up in the in the summertime

They're just headed back the first shark showed up yesterday

And then by November all those white dots are gonna be out of the open sea and in

to the coastal ocean

We sometimes have salmon sharks get eaten by white sharks. That's a good story there all right

You can see the body temperature getting constant and warm

But the main story that I've told you today is we are team working with many others

Discovered that we have a blue Serengeti a place is equivalent to Kruger National Park in our backyard all the animals are here

We're trying now to raise awareness of how do you make an MPA a marine protected area?

That would protect this region beyond the sanctuaries how is it that we make a Yellowstone in the ocean?

How do we make Yosemite in the ocean?

So there's a map of the great blue areas. We call these the large marine protected areas

They're not very many in the ocean less than 10% of the ocean is protected

Here's the Phoenix Isles protected area Chagos. Here's our backyard not very well protected

In order to protect these places and look to the future we need to have

Apex predator monitoring to do that

Cool technologies like wave gliders and buoys are being used

I'm gonna finish up by just give you a couple examples

These are where the animals are from our satellite tags the black is where the protection zones are those of the National

Marine sanctuaries white or white sharks don't get nervous when you see that slide orange are the salmon sharks

It's a Sharky backyard. We have we live in peace in this backyard with our sharks

We've developed a system in which we put receivers built by a company called vent go in the ocean at just a few play

We can keep track acoustically of the white sharks as they come and go those are just different. White sharks hitting the receivers

We've put iridium satellite

Devices on the top of our receivers now and you on your iPhone

Can keep track if you come into our app or or take a look on the web of?

When a white shark swims by the buoy you can see when it's here

This is a you can see the gap when they're away

This is yesterday

And I just noticed this white shark just showed up on our coast

So you can do that by going to top dot org and going to a buoy these buoys have physical oceanography?

They're built in collaboration with and barring ow and we've got a few of them in the ocean right at Hopkins

We can tell our undergrads Hey look. There's 14 large. White sharks that come by

The gliders give us continuous coverage and the future of Oceanography is to begin to enable this

Mechanized world that samples allows us to go in do things like go around Farrell ons

And see with a mechanized glider all in yellow that white sharks are circling the farallon's

Not a great place to go swimming in the summertime. That's a bunch of different

White sharks all gathered there that we couldn't visualize ourselves until we had gliders that were circling

So in conclusion the future really is a future in which we bring together these disparate worlds of

Surveillance

Technologies that our late comers to our oceans that you probably are using on other planetary missions, and we begin to understand

how is it that we can see what's happening in our sea, and that's what we're trying to do with our colleagues right now and

The future is something like having not only the mechanized vehicles and the tagged animals, but also

developing this world of environmental DNA being able to do signatures of

Being able to see where the animals are and also pick up their signature from their genetic material

so an evolving area of science is the fact that wherever you go especially in the sea you can find the shedding cells and

Tell who's been there?

We envision the day soon where we could just send out a glider

To the cafe and the glider remotely could sample what's happening there and said back to the lab something

You'd be doing on Mars perhaps

And then we envision the day soon where we take back our seas from the poachers that with the Google and sky truth enabled

Ability to follow where humans are that we can actually in these remote places the largest MPAs on earth

Build the type of devices that help us prevent the taking of the Sharks

I'm going to just go back back right past this very sad story the largest MPA on earth where we work

Completely overrun with poachers that we can't stop and I'll end on this last note

my hope for the future is that with

coming together of different groups

We can do things like build what we're building right now with our Stanford colleagues in aerospace the fin alert shark tag a tag that

When we take a shark from the sea it will have the same type of device we have in clothes at Macy's

Where it will alert?

The patrol boats that the animals been taken and the patrol boat can come and say hey

You know you're not supposed to be in our MPA our marine protected area that type of technology is what we need

combined with the satellite technology to own this place called Earth and to prevent what's happening the

decimation of the large marine predators in the open sea beyond US borders

So I'm going to end by saying thanks for listening monitoring with technology bringing together these disparate

Paths is really the future of our oceans and to do all this work

There's many people I would have to thank but I particularly want to thank my Linh laboratory that

Actually has led the charge with me throughout the year as many different people and then the combination of philanthropic and federal funding

That's allowed us to span two ocean basins in pursuit of a healthier ocean. Thank you very much

Fuck

So we have time for a few questions if you have a question. Please raise your hand wait for the microphone stand up and

one question only

Hi, thank you for the talk that was great

Wondering when you're making these global conclusions on

Fish trends how do you deal with the potential for over sampling of fish in this region and maybe under sampling of?

populations that are based in Latin America or Australia

Okay, so I'm gonna. I'm not entirely sure exactly which particular

aspect of the study or your you're focused on but let me just talk about fish trends the

fish in the world are reported to

Regional fishery management organizations that are international called are FMOs or to FAO and so most of the grids for fish reporting are

Five by five grids and all you're getting is what humans tell other humans

They're doing so there's a lot of illegal fishing too, but most of what you're seeing in graphs is reported fishing pressure

And there's been study after study across the planet that's shown that the trends. Are you know going down?

It's called the fishing down of the food web

Sharks okay, right when we tagged and we look at where an animal goes we have to actually account for that tagging area

So we either have to do a statistical

Robust analysis in which we have to measure how many animals do we tagged what was the length of a tag on

How do we deal with dispersion versus advection so it's just a math model

I'm not maybe I didn't get your question exactly

Hi, that was fascinating. I have two questions the first question is

When the animals are going out way offshore, they're crossing deserts. I mean are they going deep

I mean are they they're surface waters are

oligotrophic

So how are they managing and there don't seem to be following currents?

They seem to be going counter currents, so what have you learned about that aspect?

And then I have another question

I think that's that's a really great question

That's sort of the secret of the planet Earth so the biggest peanutbutter shop on the planet is in what we call the Mesa

pelagic so that's the layer underneath the open sea so the pelagic and

in that layer is

A fish with oil that may be the real peanut butter of the sea called

Lantern fish so a lot of these animals are diving down to that

Layer that doesn't have light the music pelagic or it's got low light

feeding in that

Sometimes low oxygen layer sometimes not low oxygen and then coming back to the surface so we see a lot of that dial

behavior out in the open sea and so

There's there's three parts to the answer to your question that that we studied today. How are these animals so efficient and moving?

That is how is it that they don't have such high energetic cost that they can do that they can use?

planetary scales that we could only dream of with a

Rover or an AUV so every a UV on the planet what limits where it goes?

anybody

batteries drivers, okay

So unless you have a solar powered a UV you can't go very far on the planet compared to a tuna

And so what the animals are doing is they're combining elastic energy storage with?

Mechanical muscle power once they get out there

It's a desert so the question really is where do you feed and the answer is you're feeding below the surface

Satellite imagery, and I think the cafe is a great example

Where you know by surface signal? We would never know that that was a place that all the white sharks gather

Or would we know why and so when we go there physically perhaps for the first time we've applied for some cruise time

Maybe what we'll find is what I think it's going on and that is that there is an edge there

That we don't naturally recognize as vertebrates as primates the edge is formed by a hypoxic

layer and

A very well oxygenated piece of the ocean and may be along that frontal boundary

That's the kind of frontal boundary that we don't normally see from the surface

There's a stack of like cordwood of prey or maybe it's for some other reason

But I think what the animals are teaching us is we don't entirely yet understand our planet as to where the carbon

gets stored

That then makes for a good food web. Well. That's interesting there may

Also, be some metabolic issues because it's lower temperature, but the following question. I have is that the ocean is

an acoustic environment

not a visual environment

Have you thought about look listening to the animals as they're moving through the ocean and not only to understand?

What they're doing, but also to learn about the surrounding environment acoustically yeah, it's a superb question

I'd say that we vertebrate researchers especially in fish are behind on the acoustics

We actually for the Navy did a project where we measured tunas capacity to hear it's quite good

and so I think what probably is going on that we haven't ever put a

Perception on in terms of a human perception of how it works is that?

Certainly when things move through the ocean there's sound signals right how a fish would pick that up. Isn't something anybody's

You know done at the pelagic level very well, but perhaps

Perhaps, it's working. I think that smell is certainly big you look at a Marlin a tuna swordfish

You've got a very large rosette that is nasal so clearly the smell of a squid

You know may be something they can pick up I mean I get fast

primarily by simple questions like this

How does a giant tuna swimming in the North Atlantic decide to go to a thousand meters and do it in less than ten minutes?

You know how did it know that there was something worth chasing down there?

So how does it find the squid that's down there and wouldn't you love to see from a camera? What's really going on?

Imagine all of you who spend every day wanting to go to some other planet

We barely seen what's on this planet at depth all right?

We've been to the Marianas Trench

We've been to some of these incredible places, but do we really understand?

places like the open sea what's happening in the

Richest most biodiverse region the mesial pelagic which covers the largest zone of the ocean?

So we oceanographers have been behind it sending our message out. We're perhaps

Not as articulate a crowd as our colleagues of this institution

And I think that you know there's some really clear issues

Across two-thirds of the planet that have to be sorted out, and I think that you know it's challenging to make it compelling

Hi, thanks for coming to talk to us

I had a question in terms of you talked about a lot of different technologies that are being developed in terms of

one establishing MPAs a crop for California, and then sort of

supporting the establishment and retaining them what types of

Advancements in technologies, or developments. Do you see is it sort of supporting like?

population or looking at species or

Maybe you could speak a little bit to that okay

and that's a that's a terrific question a very hard question - so thank you for the difficult question and I

Don't think we have a clear answer to that question. I think that many of you may know that

There's been an Act passed in California that protects very

Important domains that are in short so the marine life Protection Act that means that a hundred years from now

You know your kids kids might be able to see what happens in a California intertidal zone

That's almost undisturbed so it protects small places close to shore

We have sanctuaries now and these sanctuaries such as Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary the Gulf of the Farallones

Sanctuary Cordell Bank sanctuary they protect larger parcels of the ocean that are quite important

But they still allow fishing and many activities to occur there

there is a push going on right now by

By the West Coast folks in

Oceans to now take sea mounts and through the monument act

put those out of reach of

Certain types of fishers the fishers who can drag a net along a sea mount and change the biodiversity overnight

so that is it is a

antiquities act type of protection that may go in play at the end of the Obama administration

what other tools do we have to protect pelagic areas very few as the answer even building a

World Heritage Site you know the same type of site that might be around the Great Barrier Reef is something that's very unique to a

temperate zone like ours and

Doesn't necessarily

Come with a lot of protection as much as it raises the profile of an area

So the answer is that's our challenge. How do we tell the fleet's of boats that we are seeing now that we have the AIS?

tool, so remember the biggest tool that came of age in the last two years is the

Capacity to use a collision avoidance system as a way to see what humans are doing on the planet

And it's been shocking to see all the nations out beyond our borders who are fishing every last

Fish they can get so we may be the best at making laws that can serve and manage our fisheries we do quite

Well as Americans, but just beyond our borders where the animals are coming in from we've got many nations

And I'm not going to name names, but the fleet's are big. I'll name some of the biggest fleets, China Korea, Japan

and

They're fishing in the offshore realm

So we won't save that part of this planet

Until we come up with ways of monitoring and monitoring can only be done with satellites and with tools that allow us to count

You know what's being taken so my dream is

beyond the tag I told you about

Unfunded I call it fish. Chip is to chip the carcasses tomorrow not not

You know ten years from now

So by chipping the carcasses with a satellite chip that it isn't as easy as you think you want to have the Iridium

You want to have RFID?

You want to be able to see a animal in container ship?

So you need GPS iridium a bunch of different technologies together on the chip so that we can't have a black market of tuna to

fish

You know other people might worry about rhinoceroses, but you want to be able to chip the wildlife

So it can't be traveling the planet without us knowing and I think we could do that

As soon as people come together and say we care about these problems

So with that please join me in thanking dr. Block for an excellent

You

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Rose McGowan arrives at amfARs ffth annual Inspiration Gala in Los Angeles, Oct.

29, 2014.  (Reuters).

Actress Rose McGowan will make her first public appearance Friday since accusing disgraced Hollywood film producer Harvey Weinstein of rape.

The appearance is scheduled at the Women's Convention in Detroit.

McGowan will kick off the event, which is set to run Friday through Sunday, the Detroit Free Press reported.

She will also participate in a panel with survivors of sexual assault, titled "Fighting for Survivors of Sexual Assault in the Age of Betsy DeVos.

" (President Donald Trumps education secretary, Betsy DeVos, has faced criticism from the left over plans to review Obama-era guidance on campus sexual assault.

Early this month, McGowan tweeted out that she had been raped by a man with the initials "HW.

" She later confirmed to the Hollywood Reporter that she was referring to Weinstein.

Weinstein was fired from the Weinstein Company on Oct.

8 after the New York Times published an expose detailing decades of sexual harassment allegations against him.

The Oscar-winning producer apologized without addressing any specific conduct, but has denied later allegations by several women that he raped them.

The Times also reported that Weinstein paid a financial settlement of $100,000 to McGowan in 1997 over an incident in a hotel room during the Sundance Film Festival in Utah.

McGowan has starred in several films, including Scream, Jawbreaker, and Planet Terror, as well as the early 2000s television series Charmed.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.