News on Youtube Oct 26 2017

APPRAISER: Today, you brought us a Carnegie Medal awarded

to your grandfather.

GUEST: Yes.

APPRAISER: How did he win this medal?

GUEST: In 1927, he was driving down the road in northern

Iowa, and he happened to see a bunch of people standing in a field for some reason.

And when he went over, he found that a baby had fallen down a well.

And the baby had fallen down, I believe, ten or 15 feet to a ledge.

And the other people there were either too big or not inclined to go down there, because

the walls were collapsing as they were standing around it.

My grandfather stood five feet three inches tall, so he was able to strip down to just

about his underwear, I suppose, and they tied a rope around him, and sent him down the well.

In the meantime, that baby had slipped down another...

I believe it was another 30 feet down onto another ledge, right beside where the water

was.

So Grandpa had to go down almost 40, 50 feet to get to that baby.

Tied a rope around him.

They hauled the baby back up safely, squalling all the way, of course.

Grandpa said the most scared he was was down at the bottom of that well, because it was

caving in.

Looking at that hole up there, he said it was just the size of a quarter.

They finally pulled him out, and the baby was saved.

GUEST: So he essentially risked his life to save

the baby's life.

APPRAISER: Yeah, most definitely.

GUEST: It was several years later when the baby's

mother, Mrs. Venema, heard about the Carnegie Medal for Heroism, and asked his permission

to put him in for this medal, which she did.

And it took about a four-year process total for him to actually receive the Carnegie Medal.

APPRAISER: He rescued the 18-month-old in 1927, and he

received the medal in 1931, this medal.

GUEST: Right, yes.

APPRAISER: Did he receive anything else?

GUEST: With this, kind of the height of the Depression,

he received a cashier's check for $1,000.

I remember him saying when he got the check, he took it to the bank to deposit it, and

all the tellers passed it around and looked at it, because they'd never seen a check that

big before.

APPRAISER: Andrew Carnegie is known by many faces.

Of course he was a steel magnate.

He came over from Scotland, made his fortune.

He was also considered by some to be one of the major members of the Gilded Age.

But nonetheless, very, very wealthy, largely thanks to his steel company, which he ended

up selling to J.P. Morgan.

But there was another side to Andrew Carnegie.

He was a tremendous philanthropist.

He gave a lot of money to institutions, largely for education.

But he was always intrigued by the concept of heroism.

There was a tremendous disaster in Harwick, Pennsylvania.

You know, it's coal mining country, near Pittsburgh.

In 1904, there was an explosion which killed 181 people, including two people, a mining

engineer and a responder, a rescuer, who went to try to save these people, and they died.

So, in response to this, for the two people who died, he established the Carnegie Hero

Fund Commission.

And their entire mission is to recognize and reward civilians who commit extraordinary

acts of heroism.

GUEST: Oh.

APPRAISER: So from 1904 to 2014, the Carnegie Foundation

has awarded 9,600 medals to heroes, and they've also awarded over $35 million in grants.

And you see this has been awarded to Edward Malloy.

So, Carnegie's definition of a hero-- a civilian who knowingly risks his or her own life to

an extraordinary degree while saving or attempting to save the life of another person.

So this was a lifelong passion for him.

It's said by many to be the only fund that he ever set up on his own out of his own heart.

There's also a phrase that goes around this bronze medal, and it says, "Greater love hath

no man than this-- that a man lay down his life for his friends."

This is your grandfather, correct?

This is Mr. Malloy.

GUEST: Yep.

APPRAISER: This is your father?

GUEST: Yep.

APPRAISER: This is...

GUEST: Donald Venema.

APPRAISER: And he was the 18-month-old who was rescued.

J. and E. Caldwell made this medal, and they were considered by many to be equal to Tiffany

in being able to produce high-level silver and bronze products.

You can't find one for sale.

As you might imagine, why would a hero want to sell, or why would the family of a hero

want to sell the medal?

But in thinking about what it might cost to reproduce a medal in bronze today, I would

probably insure it for about $4,000.

GUEST: Oh, okay, all right.

APPRAISER: But really, at the end of the day, you cannot

put a price on heroism.

GUEST: Yeah, I can't imagine the circumstances that

I would sell that medal.

For more infomation >> 1931 Carnegie Hero Medal | Our 50 States, Hour 1 | Preview - Duration: 4:55.

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For more infomation >> 2,000-Year-Old Mosaic Returned to Italy From United States - Duration: 0:54.

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Which states are best for teachers? - Duration: 1:37.

For more infomation >> Which states are best for teachers? - Duration: 1:37.

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The inter-relationship of mental health states: Language matters - Duration: 9:10.

The diagram that you have in front of you

helps us understand mental health and mental illness

better.

In our field, we are often confusing each other

by the language that we use.

When we use a phrase such as mental health issue,

nobody really knows what we're talking about.

A mental health issue could be a two-year-old having a temper

tantrum, or it could be a 17-year-old

in the middle of a psychotic break,

or it can be a 16-year-old girl with severe panic attacks so

bad that she can't go to school, or it

can be a 20-year-old college student who is housebound

because of social anxiety.

Those things are all very, very different,

and it is really important that we understand

what we're talking about.

Because if we don't understand what we're talking about,

if we don't use the right language,

how can we intervene effectively?

On this triangle at the bottom, you

will see a category that says, no distress, problem,

or disorder.

That is many of us much of the time.

We're having fun with our friends and with our families.

We're off at school doing our work.

We're enjoying ourselves in a recreational activity,

or even asleep.

So much of the time over a 24 hour period,

we can be in that zone of having no distress, no problem,

or no disorder.

On the other hand, all of us experience,

over the course of pretty well every single day,

mental distress.

And mental distress is the brain's signal to us

that we have a problem in our environment

that we have to deal with.

And this signal tells us we need to adapt,

we need to solve the problem.

The signal, which we call the stress response,

is the basis of resilience.

It's the basis of adaptation.

And once we successfully solved the problem,

the stress response goes away.

We no longer feel distressed, and we have

another arrow in our quiver.

We have not only become more resilient,

but we have developed new skills.

And we need to ensure that we don't protect

young people for these slings and arrows

of outrageous fortune.

Because it is through engaging with the normal stressors

of life that we develop the capacity to become

successful adults.

The next part on this triangle is

labeled mental health problems.

And mental health problems also arise

from environmental stressors, but these are stressors

that are quite intense.

They're not like taking an exam, or going for a job interview,

or not making the school basketball team,

or being rejected on your request for a romantic evening

with someone that you fancy.

These are serious things like your parent died,

or you've lost your job, or you're moving to a new country.

And they also elicit a stress response.

And this stress response is also normal.

When someone dies, it's normal to grieve.

When you lose your job, it's normal to feel demoralized.

And when we have these feelings, we

reach out to other people for support,

and guidance, and assistance.

But we don't need psychiatrists or clinical psychologists

if we lose our job.

We need a job.

And here we have to be very careful not to medicalize

normal human experience.

Mental health problems can be difficult.

They can be challenging.

They can hurt emotionally.

But as a species, we've learned how

to get through these things, and we count on each other

to help us.

We also have socially sanctioned healers that assist.

If we're religious, we go to our religious leaders.

If we're more secular, we often go to people like counselors.

That can be quite helpful.

And we always rely on family and friends.

At the top of the triangle are mental disorders.

These are the illnesses that are found in ICD or DSM

categorizations.

They are internationally agreed upon as diagnoses.

And they're very different than a mental health problem.

And they're very different than the mental distress signal.

They require therapeutic evidence-based interventions

provided by people who have been specially

trained in how to do that.

And we don't progress from distress to disorder.

This is not a spectrum.

This is not a continuum.

We can feel unhappy and distressed,

and we can feel very unhappy if we have a disorder.

Those emotions occur across each of these components.

And this is really important.

This and is we can be in every single one of these states

at the same time.

For example, an individual can have attention deficit

hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, which is a mental disorder.

They can be dealing with the loss of a loved one,

say their mother, so they're going through grief.

They can be experiencing distress.

They didn't make the school basketball team.

And they can be having no distress, no problem,

or no disorder at the moment, as they're

hanging out with their friends, enjoying watching a movie.

And these things can be happening

all in the same period of time.

All these are components of mental health.

We can have mental health and mental illness

at the same time.

These are not separate categories.

And it's very important that we tailor our interventions

to the state in which the person is in.

Intervening for normal expected mental distress

can cause problems for young people.

It can make it difficult for them to learn how to adapt.

It can lead to things like learned helplessness.

I can't do with.

A mental health problem that requires additional supports,

but it doesn't require medications,

and it doesn't require CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy,

or specialized clinical psychological treatments.

However, if somebody has a mental disorder,

then we have to provide best evidence-based treatments

for them.

And so let's use the language correctly.

If we mean mental distress, let's

use words such as disappointed, disgusted,

angry, pessimistic, distressed, to clarify what state we're in.

If we're dealing with a mental health problem,

let's use words like sorrowful, demoralized, grieving,

despairing.

Those are good words to describe a mental health problem.

And if we're describing the mental disorder,

well, let's use the word depression.

If we use the word depression for every single one

of those states, I have no idea what you're talking about,

and you have no idea about what I'm talking about.

It's really essential.

Our language has many different ways

of expressing the nuances of all these important emotional

states.

Let's not confuse them.

Confusion can lead to inappropriate treatment.

Confusion can lead to protecting people

from the challenges of life that they need to embrace themselves

in order to become successful, independent, resilient

human beings.

So let's think about our language.

When we're using the word depression,

let's use it to mean depression and not

every single negative emotional state that we experience.